Английская Википедия:Glossary of tables game terms

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Шаблон:Short description

Файл:Jeu jacquet.jpg
Tables board used for Jacquet

The following is a glossary of terms used in tables games, essentially games played on a Backgammon-type board.[1] Terms in this glossary should not be game-specific (e.g. specific to a single game like Backgammon or Acey-deucey), but applicable to a range of tables games.

Шаблон:Compact ToC

A

Шаблон:Anchor ace
  1. A die roll of one.[2]
  2. The face of a die with one pip. (Historically, 2=deuce, 3=trey, 4=quater, 5=cinc, 6=sice; though these terms are now obsolete.[3][4])
Шаблон:Anchor ace point
The player's first point on the board.[5] Also home point or one point.[6]

B

Шаблон:Anchor backgammon
A game in which the loser has not only failed to bear any pieces off, but has pieces in the opponent's home table or on the bar. It is worth triple.
Шаблон:Anchor bar
The central strip separating the left and right halves of the board, usually formed by the raised edges or rails of each half board. The raised partition of the board.[7]
Шаблон:Anchor bear off
To remove one's men from the board in the final stages of a game.[8] The first to do so usually wins the game; however, in Trictrac, it scores points but the game continues. Also throw off[2] or take off.[9]

Шаблон:Anchor Шаблон:Quote box

Шаблон:Anchor bearing table
The table in which men are borne off.[10]
Шаблон:Anchor block
Any point on the board where two or more men rest. An opponent may not land on such a point.[8]
Шаблон:Anchor blockade
A succession of blocked points i.e. points held by at least two men. Also prime.[7][11]
Шаблон:Anchor blot
A single man on a point.[2] In many tables games, this is a vulnerable situation as the man is liable to be hit by an opposing man.[8]
Шаблон:Anchor board
  1. The whole playing area, traditionally a hinged, wooden tray.
  2. Same as quadrant. Thus there are four boards. In Backgammon and similar games, there is a home board and outer board on each player's side.[8]
Шаблон:Anchor break a point
To remove one of two men on a point, thus leaving a blot. Also clear a point.[11]
Шаблон:Anchor builder
Once two men have been placed on a point, any extra men are builders.

C

Шаблон:Anchor cast
  1. The number rolled on a die or dice.[5]
  2. To throw or roll the die or dice.[2]
Шаблон:Anchor checker
US backgammon term for any of the pieces used for playing the game.[8] Also counter, man or stone.
Шаблон:Anchor cinque
  1. A die roll of five[5]
  2. The face of a die with five pips.[5]
Шаблон:Anchor closed point, closed space
  1. Usually, a point or space that is occupied by two or more opposing men.[6]
  2. In some games, a point or space that is occupied by exactly two opposing men. See Nard.
Шаблон:Anchor cocked die
A die that comes to rest tilted and not flat.[11] May be automatically invalid in some games.
Шаблон:Anchor come in, come on
To bring a man back into play, after it has been hit or knocked off.[8]
Шаблон:Anchor contrary movement
A game of contrary movement is one in which the players move their pieces in opposing directions. Examples: Backgammon, Trictrac.[12]
Шаблон:Anchor corner rattler, hornaskella
A player's last pieces in the Icelandic game Chasing the girls (Að Elta Stelpur).[13]
Шаблон:Anchor counter
Any one of the pieces used for playing the game.[8] Also checker (US), man or stone.
Шаблон:Anchor cover a blot
To place a second man on an isolated piece thus making a point.[11]
Шаблон:Anchor cup
The container used to throw the dice or die. Should have a small lip on the inside to prevent fixing the dice.[8] Also dice cup.

D

Шаблон:Anchor dice cup
A cup used to shake and roll the dice.[11]
Шаблон:Anchor die, dice
A die is one of usually two or three six-sided cubes used in playing a tables game. Each face of the cube is marked with a number of pips from 1 to 6 that is used in moving men or scoring. Plural: dice.
Шаблон:Anchor division
Same as quadrant.[2]
Шаблон:Anchor doubles
See doublet.
Шаблон:Anchor doublet
Two dice each with the same pip count. In some tables games, the player plays each die twice.[8] Also doubles.
In French tables games, there were individual names for the doublets as follows:[14]
  • doublet of Aces: bezas (diminutive of ambesas), bezet;
  • doublet of 2: double two (doublet de deux);
  • doublet of 3: ternes;
  • doublet of 4: carmes;
  • doublet of 5: quines;
  • doublet of 6: sonnez ("ring the bells").
Шаблон:Anchor doubling cube, doubling die
An extra and slightly larger die used especially in modern Backgammon to raise the game value or stakes on the game. Marked with the numerals 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64.[6]

E

Шаблон:Anchor enter
To play a piece onto the tables[5] or board.[2]
Шаблон:Anchor expose a blot, expose a point
See uncover a blot.
Шаблон:Anchor exposed
Said of a man that sits alone on a point. In most games he is vulnerable to being hit by an opposing man.[8]

G

Шаблон:Anchor gammon
A game in which the loser has failed to bear off any pieces. It is worth double.[6]

H

Шаблон:Anchor hit
  1. In hitting games, to force an isolated opposing piece (or blot) off the board by moving a piece to the point concerned e.g. as in Backgammon. Also 'knock off'.[5][8]
  2. To score points by being in a position to move a piece to a point on which an isolated opposing piece is located e.g. as in Trictrac.[5]

Шаблон:Anchor Шаблон:Quote box

Шаблон:Anchor hit and run, hit-and-run
Move in which a player uses one throw to hit an opposing blot and a second throw to move the hitting piece to a point occupied by a friendly piece.
Шаблон:Anchor hitting game
A game in which hitting a blot is permitted. Examples: Backgammon and Portes.[15]
Шаблон:Anchor home
  1. noun. The first point on a player's side.[5]
  2. noun. The starting or finishing point.[5]
  3. adverb. To the player's first six points.[5]
  4. To play at home. To play one's pieces in one's first twelve points.[5]
Шаблон:Anchor home board, home table
That quadrant of the board containing a player's points 1 to 6. Also inner board or inner table.[9] Sometimes also called the finishing quadrant or bearing table.
Шаблон:Anchor home point
See ace point.
Шаблон:Anchor homewards
Towards the player's first point.[5]

I

Шаблон:Anchor inner board, inner table
See home board.

K

Шаблон:Anchor knock off
See hit.

M

Шаблон:Anchor march
The route of one or more men around the board.[2]
Шаблон:Anchor man, men
Any of the counters used to play a tables game. Formerly table-man.[16][17] Man is the traditional English term, but it is also called a checker (US),Шаблон:Efn counter,Шаблон:Efn piece[17] or stone.
Шаблон:Anchor move
The action of advancing a man in accordance with the roll of a die. If a man is advanced by the total score on two dice, it is a double move.

Шаблон:Anchor Шаблон:Quote box

O

Шаблон:Anchor off the board
Placed anywhere that is not on the playing surface. Where a man is sent when hit.[8]
Шаблон:Anchor open point, open space
  1. Usually, a point or space that is not occupied by two or more opposing men.[6]
  2. In some games, point or space that is not occupied by exactly two men. See Nard.
Шаблон:Anchor opening roll
The first dice throw of a game which decides who will go first
Шаблон:Anchor outer board, outer table
The penultimate quadrant of the board, preceding the player's home table or inner table.

P

Шаблон:Anchor parallel movement
A game of parallel movement is one in which the players move their pieces in the same direction around the board.[12] Examples: Fevga, Jacquet, Narde, Moultezim.
Шаблон:Anchor piece
Any of the counters used in tables games.[18] Also checker, man or stone. Man is the traditional term.[18]
Шаблон:Anchor pile
  1. A stack of two or more men on a point.[19]
  2. To place men one on top of another.
Шаблон:Anchor pin, pinning, pinning a blot
In pinning games, to move a piece onto a point containing a single enemy man thus preventing it from further movement.
Шаблон:Anchor pinning game
A game in which pinning a blot is permitted. Example: Plakoto.[15]
Шаблон:Anchor pip, pips
The spots on the dice.[7]
Шаблон:Anchor play
To move a man based on the roll of a die or dice.[5]
Шаблон:Anchor point, make a point, make the point
  1. Any one of the triangular spaces on a tables board.[5]
  2. To make a point is to establish two or more men on it such that it cannot be captured.[7]
Шаблон:Anchor prime
  1. A succession of blocked points, normally points held by at least two opposing men.Шаблон:Efn Also blockade.[7][11]
  2. A succession of six points so occupied.[8] Also side prime.[7]

Q

Шаблон:Anchor quadrant
One of the four sections of a tables board. Also board, division, quarter or table.
Шаблон:Anchor quarter
Same as quadrant.

R

Шаблон:Anchor rail
Same as off the board.[8] The rail is the raised edge of the board.
Шаблон:Anchor re-enter
To play a man to the board after it has been removed, typically after being hit.[2][7]
Шаблон:Anchor rest
A man is said to 'rest' when he pauses on an intermediate point in moving the total of two or more dice.
Шаблон:Anchor roll the die, roll the dice
To project or throw the die or dice onto the board. Also cast or throw.
Шаблон:Anchor running game
A game in which there is no hitting or pinning and players 'race' around the board in the same direction. Example: Fevga. See also games of parallel movement.[15]

S

Шаблон:Anchor setting the men
To place the men in position at the start of a game.[2]
Шаблон:Anchor side prime
A blockade of six consecutive points.[7] See also prime.
Шаблон:Anchor singleton
A single man on a point; also called a blot.[13]
Шаблон:Anchor space
One of usually 24 rectangular sections of a tables board, especially an historical one, one which men may be placed during play. Equivalent of point q.v.
Шаблон:Anchor stack
  1. To place men one on top of one another. Also pile.
  2. A heap of men so placed. Also pile.
Шаблон:Anchor stone
See man.

T

Файл:13th-Century Tablemen on display at the Tower of London.jpg
13th century tablemen at the Tower of London
Шаблон:Anchor table
  1. Same as quadrant. One of the four divisions of the board.[8]
  2. Sometimes used to describe each half of the board (left and right).
Шаблон:Anchor tableman, tablemen, table-man, table-men
Original name for the pieces or men, q.v.
Шаблон:Anchor Шаблон:Anchor Tables board
The playing surface of a tables game.
Шаблон:Anchor Tables game
A game played using a tables board.
Шаблон:Anchor talon
Point no. 1 in French tables games such as Trictrac and Jacquet.[20]
Шаблон:Anchor throw
  1. Same as roll when referring to dice.
  2. Throw off. Same as bear off.[2]
Файл:Trictrac tablier et accessoires.jpg
Trictrac board and equipment
Шаблон:Anchor trictrac, Trictrac board
Type of board used for Trictrac and other French tables games. Similar to a backgammon board, but with high side rails and holes in the rails for scoring purposes.
Шаблон:Anchor triplet
Three dice each with the same pip count.[2]

U

Шаблон:Anchor uncover a blot, uncover a point
To remove a man or men from a point leaving only one man behind, who is thus exposed.


Footnotes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Literature

  • Bell, R. C. (1979). Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations. NY: Dover. Шаблон:ISBN
  • Clay, Robin A. (1992). Backgammon. London: Hodder.
  • Crane, Michael (2006). Backgammon. London: Teach Yourself.
  • Forgeng, Jeff, Dorothy Johnston and David Cram (2003). Francis Willughby's Book of Games. Ashgate Press. Шаблон:ISBN.
  • Halliwell-Phillips, James Orchard (1852). A Dictionary of Archaic & Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs and Ancient Customs, Volume 2 (J–Z). London: John Russell Smith.
  • Jacoby, Oswald and John R. Crawford (1970). The Backgammon Book. NY: Vikong.
  • Longacre, John (1980). Backgammon of Today. NY: Bell.
  • Шаблон:Cite journal
  • Murray, H. J. R. (1941). "“The Mediaeval Games of Tables" in Medium Aevum, Vol. 10, ed. by Charles Talbot Onions. Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature. pp. 57-69.
  • Obolensky, Prince Alexis and Ted James (1974). Backgammon. London: Star. [Originally publ. as Backgammon: The Action Game, NY: Collier (1969) and London: Allen (1971).]
  • Шаблон:Cite book
  • Singman, Jeffrey L. (1999). Daily Life in Medieval Europe. Westport: Greenwood.

External links

  • Glossary of the US Backgammon Federation.

Шаблон:Tables games

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Singman (1999), p. 230.
  2. ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 Fiske (1905), pp. 158–160.
  3. ↑ Murray (1941), p. 59.
  4. ↑ Parlett (2018), p. 28.
  5. ↑ 5,00 5,01 5,02 5,03 5,04 5,05 5,06 5,07 5,08 5,09 5,10 5,11 5,12 5,13 Cram & Forgeng (2017), pp. 243–311
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 Backgammon Galore Glossary at bkgm.com. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 7,5 7,6 7,7 Longacre (1980), pp. 129 ff.
  8. ↑ 8,00 8,01 8,02 8,03 8,04 8,05 8,06 8,07 8,08 8,09 8,10 8,11 8,12 8,13 8,14 Obolenksky and James (1974), pp. 169–171.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Jacoby & Crawford (1970), pp. 220–224.
  10. ↑ Forgeng and Mclean (2008), p. 224.
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 Crane (2006), pp. 139 ff.
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Parlett (1999), pp. 75–86
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Bell (1979).
  14. ↑ Trictrac at Le Salon des Jeux. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Papahristou & Refanidis (2013), pp. 2–3.
  16. ↑ Halliwell-Phillips (1852), p. 845.
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 Parlett (1999), p. 58.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 Parlett (1999), p. 58.
  19. ↑ Murray (1941), pp. 57–69.
  20. ↑ Lalanne, Philippe (2021). Jacquet and Trictrac at Le Salon des Jeux. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
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