Английская Википедия:Gold Fields (New Zealand electorate)
Шаблон:NZelectorateShortDesc Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use New Zealand English The Gold Fields District electorate was a 19th-century parliamentary electorate in the Otago region, New Zealand. It was created in 1862, with the first elections in the following year, and it returned two members. It was one of eventually three special interest constituencies created to meet the needs of gold miners. All three of these electorates were abolished in 1870. A unique feature of the Gold Fields District was that it was superimposed over other electorates, and voting was open to those who had held a mining license for some time. As such, suffrage was more relaxed than elsewhere in New Zealand, as voting was otherwise tied to property ownership. Another feature unique to the gold mining electorates was that no electoral rolls were prepared, but voting could be done upon showing a complying miner's license.
Population centres
The Gold Fields electorate was superimposed on existing Otago electorates. It covered all areas where gold mining was undertaken. The electorates over which it was originally superimposed were Шаблон:NZ electorate link, Шаблон:NZ electorate link, and Шаблон:NZ electorate link.Шаблон:Sfn An electoral redistribution was carried out in 1865 that applied from the Шаблон:NZ election link, and in addition to the three original electorates, the Gold Fields electorate was superimposed over Шаблон:NZ electorate link, Шаблон:NZ electorate link, Шаблон:NZ electorate link, Шаблон:NZ electorate link, and Шаблон:NZ electorate link.Шаблон:Sfn From 1866, ten gold mining towns across Otago were covered by the Gold Field Towns electorate instead of the Gold Fields electorate, and they were Queenstown, Arrowtown, Cromwell, Clyde, Alexandra, Dunstan Creek, Roxburgh, Hamiltons, Lawrence, and Havelock.Шаблон:Sfn
History
The electorate was created in 1862 because of the large influx of people to Otago during the Otago Gold Rush. Under the Miners' Representation Act, 1862 ([1]) (which repealed an 1860 Act),[2] the franchise was extended to males aged 21 years and over who had held a miner's right continuously for at least three (or six) months. No electoral rolls were established for these districts, and to vote a miner just presented his miner's licence to the election official. Outside Otago in electorates where no special Gold Fields electorate existed, miners could register as electors in the ordinary electoral district where they lived.Шаблон:Sfn There were complaints from miners who had destroyed their expired miner's licence and could not refer to official records.[3]
The first election in the Gold Fields electorate was a supplementary election in 1863 for two members; at the same time, supplementary elections for one member each were held for the new electorates of Dunedin and Suburbs North and Dunedin and Suburbs South.Шаблон:Sfn The Gold Fields election on 14 April 1863 returned two members unopposed: William Baldwin and George Brodie.[4] Baldwin's resignation was received on 27 April 1865.Шаблон:Sfn[5] Charles Edward Haughton won the resulting 1865 by-election held on 29 May contested by three candidates.[6]
In the Шаблон:NZ election link, two members were returned unopposed on 26 February: Charles O'Neill and Julius Vogel.Шаблон:Sfn[7] It is unclear why, on 28 February, Vogel stood in the Шаблон:NZ electorate link electorate, where he was defeated by William Murison.Шаблон:Sfn[8]
When the gold rush migrated to the West Coast, a further gold mining electorate was created there in 1867: Westland Boroughs.Шаблон:Sfn All three gold mining electorates were abolished through the 1870 electoral redistribution, with electorate boundaries set based on the 1867 census results aiming for equal populations across the electorates.Шаблон:Sfn
Members of Parliament
Gold Fields was a two-member electorate, and was represented by five MPs from 1863 to 1870:Шаблон:Sfn
| Election | Winners | |||
| 1863 supplementary election | width=1% rowspan=1 bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color | | William Baldwin (Independent) | width=1% rowspan=2 bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color | | George Brodie (Independent) |
| 1865 by-election | rowspan=1 bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color | | Charles Edward Haughton (Independent) | ||
| 1866 election | rowspan=1 bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color | | Julius Vogel (Independent) | rowspan=1 bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color | | Charles O'Neill (Independent) |
Election results
1865 by-election
Шаблон:Gold Fields by-election, 1865
External links
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
Notes
References
Шаблон:Historic electorates of New Zealand
