Английская Википедия:Golden Quadrilateral

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Файл:Rps20160709 141628.jpg
Vijayawada–Guntur Expressway section of NH-16
Файл:HIghway Chennai Bangalore.jpg
A section of the Golden Quadrilateral highway from Chennai–Mumbai phase
Файл:NH46 Highway India.jpg
NH46: Bengaluru–Chennai section of India's 4-lane Golden Quadrilateral highway
Файл:National Highway 16 (old NH 5) at Visakhapatnam.jpg
NH 16 another section of Golden Quadrilateral highway in Visakhapatnam on the Kolkata–Chennai section
Файл:Durgapur Xpressway.jpg
Kolkata–Durgapur section of India's GQ highway
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NH4: Chennai–Mumbai section of the GQ highway near Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu

The Golden Quadrilateral (Шаблон:Lang-hi; abbreviated GQ) is a national highway network connecting several major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India. It forms a quadrilateral with all the four major metro cities of India forming the vertices, viz., Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west) and Chennai (south). Other major cities connected by this network include Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Balasore, Bhadrak, Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Berhampur, Durgapur, Faridabad, Guntur, Gurugram, Jaipur, Kanpur, Pune, Kolhapur, Surat, Vijayawada, Eluru, Ajmer, Visakhapatnam, Bodhgaya, Varanasi, Prayagraj, Agra, Mathura, Dhanbad, Gandhinagar, Udaipur, and Vadodara. The main objective of these super highways is to reduce the travel time between the major cities of India, running roughly along the perimeter of the country. The North–South corridor linking Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu), and East–West corridor linking Silchar (Assam) and Porbandar (Gujarat) are additional projects. These highway projects are implemented by the National Highway Authority Of India (NHAI). At Шаблон:Convert, it is the largest highway project in India and the fifth longest in the world.[1] It is the first phase of the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), and consists of two, four, and six-lane express highways, built at a cost of Шаблон:INRConvert.[2] The project was planned in 1999, launched in 2001, and was completed in 7 January 2012.[3]

The Golden Quadrilateral project is managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways. The vast majority of the system is not access controlled, although safety features such as guardrails, shoulders, and high-visibility signs are in use. The Mumbai–Pune Expressway, the first controlled-access toll road to be built in India, is a part of the GQ Project but not funded by NHAI, and is separate from the old Mumbai–Pune section of National Highway 48 (India). Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services (IL&FS) has been one of the major contributors to the infrastructural development activity in the GQ project.Шаблон:Citation needed lead

History and costs

The Golden Quadrilateral Project (GQ Project) was intended to establish faster transport networks between major cities and ports, provide smaller towns better access to markets, reduce agricultural spoilage in transport, drive economical growth, and promote truck transport.Шаблон:Citation needed

Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee laid the foundation stone for the project on 6 January 1999.[4] It was planned to be completed by 2006, but there were delays due to land acquisition constraints and disputes with contractors which had to be renegotiated.[5][6] In January 2012, India announced the four-lane GQ highway network as complete.[7][8]

India's government had initially estimated that the Golden Quadrilateral project would cost Шаблон:INRConvert at 1999 prices. However, the highway was built under-budget. As of August 2011, the cost incurred by the Indian government was about half of the initial estimate, at Шаблон:INRConvert. The eight contracts in progress, as of August 2011, were worth Шаблон:INRConvert.[9]Шаблон:Update inline

In September 2009, it was announced that the existing four-laned highways would be converted into six-lane highways.[10] Sections of NH 2, NH 4, NH 5 and NH 8 were prioritized for widening to six lanes under DBFO (Design, Build, Finance, Operate) pattern and more sections would be six-laned in the future. On NH 8, six-lane work was completed from Vadodara to Surat.Шаблон:WhenШаблон:Citation needed

Шаблон:Abbr Segment Length Completed Source[11][12]
1. Delhi–Kolkata Шаблон:Convert 31 August 2011 [1] Шаблон:Webarchive
2. Chennai–Mumbai Шаблон:Convert 31 August 2011 [2] Шаблон:Webarchive
3. Kolkata–Chennai Шаблон:Convert 31 May 2013 [3] Шаблон:Webarchive
4. Mumbai–Delhi Шаблон:Convert 31 August 2011 [4] Шаблон:Webarchive
Total Шаблон:Convert 31 May 2013 [5] Шаблон:Webarchive

Route

Only National Highways are used in the Golden Quadrilateral. The four legs use the following National Highways (new numbering system):

  • Delhi – Kolkata: NH 44 from Delhi to Agra & NH 19 from Agra to Kolkata
  • Delhi – Mumbai – Chennai: NH 48
  • Kolkata – Chennai: NH 16

Connected cities

Delhi–Kolkata Kolkata–Chennai Chennai–Mumbai Mumbai–Delhi

Length in each state

The completed Golden Quadrilateral passes through 12 states and a union territory:

Corruption allegations

Шаблон:Main

In August 2003, Jharkhand-based project director Satyendra Dubey, in a letter to the prime minister, outlined a list of bad faith (mala fide) actions in a segment of a highway in Bihar. Dubey's claims included that big contractors had inside information from NHAI officials,[13] that the contractors for this stretch were not executing the project themselves (as stipulated in the contract) but had been subcontracting the work to small builders who lacked technical expertise,[13] and that no follow-up was performed after awarding advances.[13] Dubey's name was leaked by the prime minister's office to the NHAI,[13] and he was transferred against his wishes to Gaya, Bihar, where he was murdered on 27 November.[13]

The NHAI eventually admitted that Dubey's allegations were substantiated, and implemented "radical reforms" in the selection and contract procedures.[14] After considerable Central Bureau of Investigation scrutiny, Mantu Kumar and three accomplices were arrested and charged with murder. Mantu escaped from court on 19 September 2005,[15] but was recaptured a month later. In 2010, Mantu and two others were convicted of murder and other offenses and sentenced to life in prison.[16]

See also

Шаблон:Portal

Similar rail development
Similar roads development
Similar ports and river transport development
Similar air transport development
Highways in India
General

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Further reading

External links

Шаблон:Indian Highways Network

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Road network-Source-The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
  3. ↑ Golden Quadrilateral Highway Network Шаблон:Webarchive. Road Traffic Technology (2011-06-15). Retrieved on 2013-12-06.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 [6] Шаблон:Webarchive Bihar govt wakes up to IITian's murder-Source-Rediff News
  14. ↑ [7] Шаблон:Webarchive NHAI report to CBI proves Dubey right, contract rules being rewritten-Source-Indian Express
  15. ↑ [8] Шаблон:Webarchive Whistleblower in the 2004 National Highway Authority of India case escaped from police custody on Tuesday in Patna-Source-Rediff News
  16. ↑ [9] Шаблон:Webarchive Satyendranath Dubey killers get life imprisonment-Source-Oneindia. com
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