Английская Википедия:Golden Trout Wilderness
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox protected area The Golden Trout Wilderness is a federally designated wilderness area in the Sierra Nevada, in Tulare County and Inyo County, California. It is located Шаблон:Convert east of Porterville within Inyo National Forest and Sequoia National Forest.
It is Шаблон:Convert[1] in size and was created by the US Congress in 1978 as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System. The wilderness is managed by the U.S. Forest Service.
The wilderness is named for and protects the habitat of California's state freshwater fish, the golden trout.
Elevations range from about Шаблон:Convert to Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Citation needed
Within the wilderness are portions of the Kern Plateau, the Great Western Divide's southern extension, and the main stem of the Kern River, the South Fork of the Kern and the Little Kern River.
The wilderness area is bordered on the northeast and northwest by the high peaks of the southern Sierra Nevada. Cirque Peak is the high point at Шаблон:Convert.[2]
Kern Plateau
The Kern Plateau is a large tableland with sprawling meadows, narrow grasslands along streams, and forested ridges and flats. The centerpiece of the plateau is Kern Peak (11,443 ft)[3] which has far-reaching vistas of the middle and upper Kern River drainage and much of the far southern Sierra, including Olancha Peak, the southern Kaweah Range, the mountains of the Mineral King area, and the Dome Land Wilderness of the far southern Sierra.
Located in both Sequoia and Inyo national forests, this Шаблон:Convert plateau had been the center of a battle between preservationists and multiple-use advocates. Before 1947, there was little incentive to develop the area, but that changed with the Secretary of Agriculture's plan to manage the area along multiple-use guidelines due to its proximity to population centers. In addition, there was an epidemic of insect damage in the commercial timber, which was estimated at 30 million board feet.[4] A growing market for lumber added more pressure to develop the area and in 1956, a multiple-use management plan was completed that included a timber sale on the plateau.
Wilderness advocates wanted to preserve the plateau, and opposed the Forest Service plan at public meetings. But, because no new facts were presented, the Forest Service went ahead with the timber sale which included building an access road. The sale contract contained special provisions to assure that the timber operators recognized them as they logged. A second road was constructed despite strong opposition from the Sierra Club, The Wilderness Society and the Kern Plateau Association.
The Kern Plateau controversy in the 1950s deepened the chasm between the Forest Service and wilderness proponents. According to former Regional Forester Doug Leisz, "The Kern Plateau use controversy was the beginning of the preservationists vs. use fight which has since touched public lands over the entire country," although an argument can be made that the battle over the Hetch Hetchy Valley with John Muir was the beginning.[5]
Wildlife
Wildlife includes the large Monache deer herd, the sensitive Sierra Nevada red fox, pine martens, cougars, and black bears.
California state fish
The golden trout is California's state fish.[6] The golden trout is closely related to two other rainbow trout subspecies found in this wilderness: the Little Kern golden trout (O. m. whitei), found in the Little Kern River basin, and the Kern River rainbow trout (O. m. gilberti), found in the Kern River system. Together, these three trout form what is sometimes referred to as the "Golden Trout Complex".[7] The Little Kern golden trout is listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.[8]
Recreation and restrictions
Recreational activities include backpacking, horseback riding, swimming, day hiking, fishing, hunting, rock climbing, mountaineering, skiing, snowshoeing, and off-roading.
There are Шаблон:Convert of trail including the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT), which stays above Шаблон:Convert elevation for most of the Шаблон:Convert route through the Golden Trout Wilderness. There are historical sites, such as the Tunnel Meadow and Casa Vieja guard stations, and the 12-mile trail to Jordan Hot Springs along Ninemile Creek. The trail was built in 1861 by John Jordan for access to Olancha from Visalia. Past volcanic activity created the hot springs as well as Groundhog Cone and the Golden Trout Volcanic Field.
Permits are required for all overnight use and there is a quota in effect for the Cottonwood Pass Trailhead.[9]
Other restrictions include a ban on wood-fueled fires along the PCT between Cottonwood Pass to the Sequoia-Kings Canyon Wilderness and also at the Rocky Basin Lake area.
See also
Footnotes
References
- Adkinson, Ron Wild Northern California. The Globe Pequot Press, 2001
- Godfrey, Anthony The Ever-Changing View - A History of the National Forests in California USDA Forest Service Publishers, 2005 Шаблон:ISBN
- Swedo, Suzanne Hiking California's Golden Trout Wilderness ... The Globe Piquot Press 2004 Шаблон:ISBN
External links
- Golden Trout Wilderness.org: Golden Trout Wilderness — trails and trip routes
- Wilderness.net: Golden Trout Wilderness fact sheet
- US Fish and Wildlife Service: document on the Little Kern golden trout.
- Photo of Great Western Divide in the Golden Trout Wilderness.
- Шаблон:Cite summitpost.
- Tom Harrison Maps topographic map.
Шаблон:Protected Areas of California Шаблон:Sierra Nevada Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Godfrey, Anthony p. 387
- ↑ Godfrey, Anthony pp 388-389
- ↑ The golden trout (Salmo agua-bonita) is native only to California and was named the official state fish by act of the State Legislature in 1947. Originally the species was found only in a few streams in the icy headwaters of the Kern River. Stocking of wild and hatchery-reared fish has extended its range to many waters at high elevation in the Sierra Nevada from El Dorado and Alpine Counties southward. It has also been planted in other states. Source: Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Inland Fishes of California, By Peter B. Moyle. Page 20.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
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- Wilderness areas of California
- Protected areas of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
- Inyo National Forest
- Sequoia National Forest
- Protected areas of Inyo County, California
- Protected areas of Tulare County, California
- Kern River
- IUCN Category Ib
- Protected areas established in 1978
- 1978 establishments in California
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