Английская Википедия:Golin language

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Infobox language

Golin (also Gollum, Gumine) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.

Phonology

Vowels

Front Back
High Шаблон:IPA Шаблон:IPA
Mid Шаблон:IPA Шаблон:IPA
Low Шаблон:IPA

Diphthongs that occur are Шаблон:IPA. The consonants Шаблон:IPA can also be syllabic.

Consonant

Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar
plain lab. plain Late. plain lab.
Nasal Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Stop voiceless
/voiced
Шаблон:IPAlink
Шаблон:IPAlink

(bʷ)
Шаблон:IPAlink
Шаблон:IPAlink
Шаблон:IPAlink
Шаблон:IPAlink

(gʷ)
Fricative Шаблон:IPAlink~Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink~
Шаблон:IPAlink
Approximant Шаблон:IPAlink Шаблон:IPAlink
Trill Шаблон:IPAlink

Шаблон:IPA are treated as single consonants by Bunn & Bunn (1970),[1] but as combinations of Шаблон:IPA + Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA + Шаблон:IPA by Evans et al. (2005).[2]

Two consonants appear to allow free variation in their realisations: Шаблон:IPA varies with Шаблон:IPA, and Шаблон:IPA with Шаблон:IPA.

Шаблон:IPA assimilates to Шаблон:IPA before Шаблон:IPA and Шаблон:IPA.

Tone

Golin is a tonal language, distinguishing high ([˧˥]), mid ([˨˧]), and low ([˨˩]) tone. The high tone is marked by an acute accent and the low tone by a grave accent, while the mid tone is left unmarked. Examples:[2]

  • High: mú [mu˧˥] 'type of snake'; wí [wi˧˥] 'scream (man)'
  • Mid: mu [mu˨˧] 'type of bamboo'; wi [wi˨˧] 'coming from the same ethnic group'
  • Low: mù [mu˨˩] 'sound of river'; wì [wi˨˩] 'cut (verb)'

Pronouns

Golin is notable for having a small pronominal paradigm. There are two basic pronouns:[3]

  • first person
  • í second person

There is no number distinction and no true third person pronoun. In fact, third person pronouns in Golin are in fact compounds derived from ‘man’ plus inín ‘self’:

  • yalíni ‘he’ < yál ‘man’ + inín ‘self’
  • abalíni ‘she’ < abál ‘woman’ + inín ‘self’

References

Шаблон:Reflist


Шаблон:Languages of Papua New Guinea Шаблон:Chimbu–Wahgi languages