Английская Википедия:Gonyosoma

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Gonyosoma is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to South Asia.

Description

There are a few distinct morphological characteristics that distinguish Gonyosoma from Elaphe. In scutellation there are 2-3 supralabials that contact the eye, with typically two in G. oxycephalum, and three in G. jansenii. The supralabial at the posterior of the eye is highly arched around the back of the eye. The loreal scale is thin and elongate, and appears stretched between the preocular and the nasal. Other diagnostic features is an elongate left rudimentary lung (70–141 mm), and a distinct hemipenes structure.

Behavior

These snakes have the ability to laterally compress and inflate the first third of their bodies when threatened. The inflated region is typically recoiled into an S, which is elevated above the horizontal forming a typical striking position. The inflation of the body exposes the black and white diagonal bands of the interstitial skin, which is particularly distinct in G. oxycephalum (Schulz 1996). In combination these adaptations impose a most ominous threat!

Species

The following 8 species are recognized as being valid.

Image	Scientific name	Common Name	Distribution
Файл:Rhynchophis boulengeri (1).jpg	Gonyosoma boulengeri Шаблон:Small	rhinoceros snake, rhino rat snake, and Vietnamese longnose snake	northern Vietnam to southern China
Файл:Gonyosoma coeruleum (10.3897-evolsyst.5.66574) Figure 5 (cropped-A).jpg	Gonyosoma coeruleum Шаблон:Small		China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and Myanmar
Файл:Gonyosoma frenatum (10337297083).jpg	Gonyosoma frenatum Шаблон:Small	Khasi Hills trinket snake	Northeast India, southern China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
	Gonyosoma hainanense Шаблон:Small	Hainan rhinoceros snake	China
	Gonyosoma jansenii Шаблон:Small	Celebes black-tailed ratsnake	Sulawesi in Indonesia
	Gonyosoma margaritatum Шаблон:Small	rainbow tree snake and royal tree snake	Malaysia and Singapore.
Файл:Gonyosoma oxycephalum Oslo.JPG	Gonyosoma oxycephalum Шаблон:Small	arboreal ratsnake, the red-tailed green ratsnake, and the red-tailed racer	Southeast Asia.
Файл:Rhynchophis prasinus - spécimen adulte - Ménagerie Paris 01.JPG	Gonyosoma prasinum Шаблон:Small	green trinket snake, green bush rat snake or green ratsnake	Bangladesh, India (Darjeeling, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Burma (also known as Myanmar), northern Thailand, west Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Hainan) and Philippines.

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Gonyosoma.

The species formerly known as Gonyosoma cantoris and Gonyosoma hodgsoni have been assigned to the genus Othriophis as Othriophis cantoris and Othriophis hodgsoni, respectively.

Further reading

• Wagler J. 1828. Descriptiones et Icones Amphibiorum. Munich, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. Plates I-XXXVI + 81 unnumbered pages. (Gonyosoma, new genus, Plate IX + 2 unnumbered pages). (in Latin and German).