Английская Википедия:Gonystylus
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Automatic taxobox
Gonystylus is a southeast Asian genus of about 30 species of hardwood trees also known as ramin, melawis (Malay) and ramin telur (Sarawak).
Description
Ramin is native to Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea, with the highest species diversity on Borneo. It is related to Arnhemia, Deltaria, Lethedon and Solmsia.[1]
Ramin is a medium-sized tree, attaining a height of about 24 m (80 ft) with a straight, clear (branch-free), unbuttressed bole about 18 m (60 ft) long and 60 cm (2 ft) in diameter. The trees are slow-growing, occurring mainly in swamp forests.[2]
Species
Шаблон:As of The Plant List recognises 32 accepted species:[3]
- Gonystylus acuminatus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus affinis Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus areolatus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus augescens Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus bancanus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus borneensis Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus brunnescens Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus calophylloides Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus calophyllus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus confusus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus consanguineus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus costalis Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus decipiens Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus eximius Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus forbesii Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus glaucescens Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus keithii Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus lucidulus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus macrocarpus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus macrophyllus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus maingayi Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus micranthus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus nervosus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus nobilis Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus othmanii Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus pendulus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus punctatus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus reticulatus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus spectabilis Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus stenosepalus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus velutinus Шаблон:Au
- Gonystylus xylocarpus Шаблон:Au
Uses
The white wood, harder and lighter in colour than many other hardwoods, is often used in children's furniture, window blinds, dowels, handles, blinds, and decorative mouldings.
Because of its straight, clear grain, nowadays it is commonly used in Venice for the construction of oars.
However, over-exploitation has led to all species of ramin being listed as endangered species,[4] particularlyШаблон:Clarify in IndonesiaШаблон:Citation needed and Malaysia.Шаблон:Citation needed An estimated 90% of ramin in recent international trade is illegally logged.Шаблон:Citation neededAs the ramin forests themselves come under attack, the fragile ecosystems they support are also at risk. These trees provide the main habitat for other priority species such as the orangutan and the Indochinese, Sumatran and Malayan tigers.[5][6]
Sumatra
Sumatra's peat swamp forests are an important habitat for ramin trees. The Sumatran ramin tree species are CITES protected species. The logging and trade of ramin has been illegal in Indonesia since 2001. Internationally, any illegal trade in Indonesian ramin is prohibited under the UN Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Indonesian government maps show that 800,000ha (28%) of Sumatra's peat swamp forest was cleared between 2003 and 2009. Some 22% of this clearance was in areas currently allocated to APP's log suppliers.[7]
See also
References
Шаблон:More citations needed Шаблон:Reflist
External links
Шаблон:Woodworking Шаблон:Taxonbar
- ↑ Beaumont, A. J., T. J. Edwards, J. Manning, O. Maurin, M. Rautenbach, M. C. Motsi, M. F. Fay, M. W. Chase, and M. Van Der Bank. (2009) Gnidia (Thymelaeaceae) Is Not Monophyletic: Taxonomic Implications for Thymelaeoideae and a Partial New Generic Taxonomy for Gnidia.” Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 160 (4): 402–17.
- ↑ Ramin - The Wood Database
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ The Ramin Paper Trail Asia Pulp & Paper Under Investigation - Part 2 Greenpeace March 1, 2012
- ↑ The Ramin Paper Trail Greenpeace March 1, 2012
