Английская Википедия:Gordian II

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox royalty Шаблон:Year of Six Emperors Gordian II (Шаблон:Lang-la; Шаблон:Circa 192 – April 238) was Roman emperor with his father Gordian I in 238 AD, the Year of the Six Emperors. Seeking to overthrow Maximinus Thrax, he died in battle outside Carthage. Since he died before his father, Gordian II had the shortest reign of any Roman emperor, at 22 days.

Early life

Born Шаблон:Circa 192, Gordian II was the only known son of Gordian I, who was said to be related to prominent senators.Шаблон:Sfn His praenomen and nomen Marcus Antonius suggest that his paternal ancestors received Roman citizenship under the triumvir Mark Antony, or one of his daughters, during the late Roman Republic.Шаблон:Sfn Gordian's cognomen "Gordianus" suggests that his family origins were from Anatolia, especially Galatia and Cappadocia.[1]

According to the notoriously unreliable Historia Augusta, his mother was a Roman woman called Fabia Orestilla,[2] born circa 165, who the Historia claims was a descendant of emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius through her father Fulvus Antoninus.[2] Modern historians have dismissed this name and her information as false.Шаблон:Sfn There is some evidence to suggest that Gordian's mother might have been the granddaughter of the Greek Sophist, consul and tutor Herodes Atticus.Шаблон:Sfn His younger sister was Antonia Gordiana, who was the mother of Emperor Gordian III.

Although the memory of the Gordians would have been cherished by the Senate and thus appear sympathetic in any senatorial documentation of the period, the only account of Gordian's early career that has survived is contained within the Historia Augusta, and it cannot be taken as an accurate or reliable description of his life story prior to his elevation to the purple in 238.Шаблон:Sfn According to this source, Gordian served as quaestor in Elagabalus' reign[3] and as praetor and consul suffect with Emperor Severus Alexander.[4]Шаблон:Sfn In 237 or 238, Gordian went to the province of Africa Proconsularis as a legatus under his father, who served as proconsular governor.[5]

Revolt against Maximinus Thrax

Early in 235, Emperor Alexander Severus and his mother Julia Avita Mamaea were assassinated by mutinous troops at Moguntiacum (now Mainz) in Germania Inferior.Шаблон:Sfn The leader of the rebellion, Maximinus Thrax, became Emperor, despite his low-born background and the disapproval of the Roman Senate.Шаблон:Sfn Confronted by a local elite that had just killed Maximinus's procurator,Шаблон:Sfn Gordian's father was forced to participate in a full-scale revolt against Maximinus in 238, probably at the end of March.Шаблон:Sfn Due to Gordian I's advanced age, the younger Gordian, said to be 46 years old,[6] was attached to the imperial throne and acclaimed augustus too. Like his father, he too was awarded the cognomen "Africanus".Шаблон:Sfn

Father and son saw their claim to the throne ratified both by the Senate[7] and most of the other provinces, due to Maximinus' unpopularity.Шаблон:Sfn

Opposition would come from the neighbouring province of Numidia.Шаблон:Sfn Capelianus, governor of Numidia, a loyal supporter of Maximinus Thrax, and who held a grudge against Gordian,Шаблон:Sfn renewed his allegiance to the reigning emperorШаблон:Sfn and invaded Africa (province) with the only legion stationed in the region, III Augusta, and other veteran units.[8] Gordian II, at the head of a militia army of untrained soldiers, lost the Battle of Carthage and was killed.Шаблон:Sfn According to the Historia Augusta, his body was never recovered.[9] Hearing the news, his father killed himself.Шаблон:Sfn The Gordians ruled only 22 days.[10][11][12] This first rebellion against Maximinus Thrax was unsuccessful, but by the end of 238 Gordian II's nephew, Gordian III, would be recognised as emperor by the whole Roman world.Шаблон:Sfn

According to Edward Gibbon, in the first volume of The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776–89), "Twenty-two acknowledged concubines, and a library of sixty-two thousand volumes, attested to the variety of [Gordian's] inclinations; and from the productions that he left behind him, it appears that the former as well as the latter were designed for use rather than ostentation."[13]

Family tree

Шаблон:Gordian dynasty family tree

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Primary sources

Secondary sources

External links

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  1. ↑ Peuch, Bernadette, "Orateurs et sophistes grecs dans les inscriptions d'époque impériale", (2002), pg. 128
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Historia Augusta, The Three Gordians, 17:4 не указан текст
  3. ↑ Historia Augusta, The Three Gordians, 18:4
  4. ↑ Historia Augusta, The Three Gordians, 18:5
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Historia Augusta, The Three Gordians, 15:2
  7. ↑ Herodian, 7:7:2
  8. ↑ Herodian, 7:9:3
  9. ↑ Historia Augusta, The Three Gordians, 16:1
  10. ↑ Filocalus, Chronograph of 354, Part 16: "The two Gordians ruled for 20 days. They died in Africa."
  11. ↑ Laterculus Imperatorum Malalianus (7th century): "Gordian ruled 22 days."
  12. ↑ Zonaras (Шаблон:Circa 1120) Epitome xvii.17: "According to some they reigned about twenty-two days, but according to others not quite three months". He confuses the Gordians with Balbinus and Pupienus.
  13. ↑ Quoted in "From the Editor. Ambition, Style and Sacrifices", History Today, June 2017, p. 3.
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