Английская Википедия:Goshen, Indiana

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Goshen (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell) is a city in and the county seat of Elkhart County, Indiana, United States.[1] It is the smaller of the two principal cities of the Elkhart–Goshen Metropolitan Statistical Area, which in turn is part of the South Bend–Elkhart–Mishawaka Combined Statistical Area. It is located in the northern part of Indiana near the Michigan border, in a region known as Michiana. Goshen is located 10 miles southeast of Elkhart, 25 miles southeast of South Bend, 120 miles east of Chicago, and 150 miles north of Indianapolis. The population was 34,517 at the 2020 census.[2]

The city is known as an extremely prominent recreational vehicle and accessories manufacturing center, the home of Goshen College, a small Mennonite liberal arts college, and the Elkhart County 4-H Fair, one of the largest county fairs in the United States.[3]

History

Before the arrival of white colonists, the land that is today Goshen, Indiana, was populated by Native Americans, specifically the Miami people, the Peoria people, and Potawatomi peoples. These people inhabited this land for thousands of years.[4] In 1830, the US Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, requiring all indigenous people to relocate west of the Mississippi River.

Goshen was platted in 1831.[5] It was named after the Land of Goshen.[6] The initial settlers consisted entirely of old stock "Yankee" immigrants, who were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England in the 1600s.[7] The New England Yankee population that founded towns such as Goshen considered themselves the "chosen people," and identified with the Israelites of the Old Testament and they thought of North America as their Canaan. They founded a large number of towns and counties across what is known as the Northern Tier of the upper midwest. It was in this context that Goshen was named.[7][8]

The Yankee migration to Indiana was a result of several factors, one of which was the overpopulation of New England. The old-stock Yankee population had large families, often bearing up to ten children in one household. Most people were expected to have their own piece of land to farm, and due to the massive and nonstop population boom, land in New England became scarce as every son claimed his own farmstead. As a result, there was not enough land for every family to have a self-sustaining farm, and Yankee settlers began leaving New England for the Midwestern United States.[9]

They were aided in this effort by the construction and completion of the Erie Canal which made traveling to the region much easier, causing an additional surge in migrants coming from New England. Added to this was the end of the Black Hawk War, which made the region much safer for white settlers to travel through and settle in. However, the Black Hawk War also forced the native people who called Goshen home for so long to leave. The 1833 Treaty of Chicago ultimately set the conditions that would force the Potawatomi in particular to leave the Midwest, Goshen included, in 1837. This forced exile is known today as the Potawatomi Trail of Death.[4]

These settlers were primarily members of the Congregational Church, though due to the Second Great Awakening, many of them had converted to Methodism, and some had become Baptists before coming to what is now Indiana. The Congregational Church has subsequently gone through many divisions, and some factions, including those in Goshen, are now known as the Church of Christ and the United Church of Christ.[9] When the New Englanders arrived in what is now Elkhart County there was nothing but a dense virgin forest and wild prairie. They laid out farms, constructed roads, erected government buildings, and established post routes.[7][9]

Файл:1965 Elkhart Double Tornado-Palm Sunday.jpg
This double tornado hit the Midway Trailer Court northwest of Goshen on U.S. 33, Palm Sunday, 1965.

On Palm Sunday, April 11, 1965, a large outbreak of tornadoes struck the Midwest. The most famous pair of tornadoes devastated the Midway Trailer Park (now inside the city limits of Goshen), and the Sunnyside Housing Addition in Dunlap, Indiana. Another, smaller F4 tornado also struck neighborhoods on the southeast side of Goshen on the same day. Statewide, 137 Hoosiers died in the storms—55 of them in Elkhart County. Days later, President Lyndon B. Johnson visited the Dunlap site.[10]

The Goshen Historic District, added in 1983 to the National Register of Historic Places[11] is bounded by Pike, RR, Cottage, Plymouth, Main, Purl, the Canal, and Second Sts. with the Elkhart County Courthouse at its center.

In April 2006, Goshen was the site of an immigration march. Officials estimated that from 2,000 to 3,000 people marched from Linway Plaza to the County Courthouse.[12]

Goshen has been called a "sundown town", and African Americans were allegedly prevented from living in, or entering, the town, under threat of violence. However, there was never a city ordinance or official policy to enforce such a restriction. Nevertheless, in March 2015, the city issued a formal apology for racial discrimination in the past. A documentary made at Goshen College, "Goshen: A Sundown Town's Transformation," tells the story of why Goshen has been called a sundown town.

The Elkhart County Courthouse, Fort Wayne Street Bridge, Goshen Carnegie Public Library, Goshen Historic District, William N. Violett House, and Violett-Martin House and Gardens are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13]

Geography

Goshen is located at Шаблон:Coord. The Elkhart River winds its way through the city and through a dam on the south side making the Goshen Dam Pond. Rock Run Creek also runs through town. The city is divided east/west by Main Street and north/south by Lincoln Avenue.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Шаблон:Convert, of which Шаблон:Convert is land and Шаблон:Convert is water.[14]

Environmental leadership

In February 2018, the Elkhart River flooded as a result of heavy rain and snowmelt. The river rose to a record 13.2 feet, damaging more than 300 structures and prompting evacuations. City government has responded to the increase in severe weather such as flooding, hail, and heavy rains with measures including stormwater management, and "an initiative to grow the town's tree canopy by 45%." Goshen completed 92 solar projects in 2019. Goshen outranked Phoenix, Sacramento, Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Denver with its 2019 production of 116 watts of solar power per capita.[15]

Climate

Шаблон:Weather box

Demographics

Файл:Goshen-indiana-courthouse.jpg
Elkhart County courthouse in Goshen.

Шаблон:US Census population

2020 census

Goshen city, Indiana – demographic profile
(NH = Non-Hispanic)
Race / Ethnicity Pop 2010[16] Pop 2020[17] % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 21,140 20,057 66.65% 58.11%
Black or African American alone (NH) 740 1,079 2.33% 3.13%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 72 45 0.23% 0.13%
Asian alone (NH) 376 471 1.19% 1.36%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 9 13 0.03% 0.04%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 38 120 0.12% 0.35%
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) 441 1,083 1.39% 3.14%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 8,903 11,649 28.07% 33.75%
Total 31,719 34,517 100.00% 100.00%

Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.

2010 census

As of the census[18] of 2010, there were 31,719 people, 11,344 households, and 7,580 families residing in the city. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 12,631 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 78.2% White, 2.6% African American, 0.5% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 14.8% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 28.1% of the population.

There were 11,344 households, of which 36.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.4% were married couples living together, 13.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.2% were non-families. 27.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.2% had someone who was 65 years of age or older living alone. The average household size was 2.67, and the average family size was 3.23.

The median age in the city was 32.4 years. 27.4% of residents were under 18; 11.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.1% were from 25 to 44; 20% were from 45 to 64, and 14.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

2000 census

As of the census[19] of 2000, there were 29,383 people, 10,675 households, and 7,088 families residing in the city. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. There were 11,264 housing units at an average density of Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of the city was 83.15% White, 1.53% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 1.10% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 12.00% from other races, and 1.94% from two or more races. 19.33% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 10,675 households, of which 32.6% had children under 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.6% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61, and the average family size was 3.14.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.9% under 18, 12.9% from 18 to 24, 30.0% from 25 to 44, 17.6% from 45 to 64, and 13.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.6 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,383, and the median income for a family was $46,877. Males had a median income of $32,159 versus $23,290 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,899. About 6.0% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 5.3% of those aged 65 or over.

Economy

Industry in Goshen centers around the automotive and Recreational Vehicle business. There are automotive component manufacturers such as Benteler; firms that build custom bodies onto chassis such as Supreme, Independent Protection, and Showhauler Trucks. RV manufacturing companies include Dutchmen, Forest River, and Keystone.[20]

Government

The government consists of a mayor, a clerk-treasurer, a city council, and a youth advisor. The mayor and clerk are elected in a citywide vote. The city council consists of seven members. Five are elected from individual districts. Two are elected at large. The youth advisor position was added in 2016 and is elected by the students of Goshen High School.

Gina Leichty, a member of the Democratic Party, is the first woman to become Mayor of Goshen in its 192-year history. Leichty became Mayor following the resignation of former mayor Jeremy Stutsman. Stutsman left the mayorship to be CEO of a local nonprofit housing agency, LaCasa.[21]

Education

Goshen Community Schools serves the portion of the city in Elkhart Township. This system consists of six elementary schools, Goshen Intermediate School, Goshen Junior High School, and Goshen High School.

In 2012, U.S. News & World Report ranked Goshen High School as the 12th best high school in Indiana and the top 6% of high schools in the country.[22]

Additionally, Goshen is served by Bethany Christian Schools, a private Christian school for grades 4–12.

Small parts of the city of Goshen are covered by several other school districts, including Fairfield Community Schools, Middlebury Community Schools, Concord Community Schools, and WaNee Community Schools.

Goshen College, located on the south side of town, has an enrollment of approximately 800, with 40% male and 60% female. Tuition and fees for the 2017–2018 year were $33,200.[23]

The town has a free lending library, the Goshen Public Library.[24]

Transportation

Airports

Goshen Municipal Airport is a public-use airport located about 3.5 miles southeast of downtown Goshen. The Goshen Board of Aviation Commissioners owns the airport.[25]

The closest airports with regularly scheduled commercial service are South Bend International Airport (about Шаблон:Convert away) and Fort Wayne International Airport (about Шаблон:Convert away). O'Hare International Airport in Chicago is about Шаблон:Convert away.

Bus

The Interurban Trolley bus connects Goshen to the nearby city of Elkhart and the unincorporated town of Dunlap via Concord and Elkhart-Goshen routes. The routes pass at Elkhart's Amtrak station, allowing passengers to connect to the Capitol Limited and Lake Shore Limited trains. Riders can also transfer to the North Pointe and Bittersweet/Mishawaka routes. The former allows riders to connect to Elkhart's Greyhound bus station, while the later connects the riders to the city of Mishawaka and town of Osceola. The Bittersweet/Mishawaka route also allows them to transfer to TRANSPO Route 9 to connect to destinations throughout the South Bend-Goshen metropolitan region and the South Shore Line's South Bend International Airport station.

Recreation

Файл:Pumpkinvine Trail Outside of Goshen.jpg
Pumpkinvine Nature Trail
Файл:First Friday Cruising - July 2011.jpg
Cruising on First Friday, July 2011.

Goshen has seven parks and has a few different greenways and trails winding through the city, one of which runs along the old Mill Race and hydraulic canal, which was once used to power an old hydroelectric power plant. Plans were drawn up in 2005 call for the plant to be reopened and redevelopment to begin along the canal.[26]

The Pumpkinvine Nature Trail runs from Goshen to Middlebury and Shipshewana, along the former Pumpkin Vine Railroad. The trail starts northeast of Goshen at Abshire Park. It is one of the recreational highlights of Goshen. Along with the Maple City Greenway and the Millrace trail, they provide many miles of easily accessible trails for walking, running, and biking.

The Elkhart County Fairgrounds are also located in the city, where the Elkhart County 4-H Fair is held in late July. It is the largest county fair in Indiana and one of the largest 4-H County Fairs in the United States.[27]

The Goshen Air Show is also an annual event that takes place at the Goshen Municipal Airport.[28]

In 2007, Downtown Goshen, Inc., a public-private partnership formed from the merger of Face of the City and the Downtown Action Team, started a First Fridays program. Occurring year round, First Fridays happens on the first Friday of each month with stores open until 9, music and other entertainment, and other events occurring within Goshen's downtown district.

One favorite pastime of Goshen residents is driving cars.

Culture

The south side Wal-Mart is rumored to be the first Wal-Mart in the United States to provide a covered stable for its frequent Amish customers. The Amish built the stable with lumber and other supplies donated by Wal-Mart.[29]

Lonesome Jim (2005) which was written by former resident James Strouse, directed by Steve Buscemi and starred Liv Tyler and Casey Affleck, was shot in Goshen.

Notable people

Mayors of Goshen

Name Term End Date Pol. Party
Henry Daniel Wilson May 1868 May 1869 Dem.
Melvin Barnes Hascall May 1869 May 1871
Joseph A S Mitchell[30] May 1871 May 1873 Dem.
George Freese, Sr May 1873 May 1875 Republ., Prohibitionist
Charles Bidwell Alderman 1875; 1877; 1879; May 1882 Dem.
Philemon Doud Harding[31] May 1882 May 1884 Dem.
Josiah B. Cobb May 1884 May 1886 Republi.
Philemon Doud Harding 1886 See Above May 1888 Dem
Charles Wesley Miller[32] May 1888 May 1890 Republ.
John H. Lesh[33] May 1890 May 1892 Republ.
John B. Walk[34] May 1892 Sept 1894 Republ.
Dr Joseph H Heatwole[35] 1894; 1896 July 1898 Republ.
Benjamin F Deahl[36] Filled Unexpired term (July 1898-May 1900); 1900-1902 May 1902 Dem.
George Finely Alderman 5/1/1902 May.1904 Dem.
Alfred Lowry[37] 1/1/1904 Dec. 1906 Republ.
Charles Kohler 1/1/1906 Dec. 1908 Dem.
Samuel Franklin Spohn 1/1/1909 Dec. 1918 Dem.
Daniel Jackson "DJ" Troyer Jan. 1918 Apr. 1919 Republ.
William Herbert Charnley[38] Apr. 1919 Dec. 1918 Republ.
George R. Rimpler Jan. 1922 Dec. 1925 Dem.
John Orrien Abshire Jan. 1926 Dec. 1929
Clell Eugene Firestone Dec. 1930; 1934 Dec. 1938 Dem.
Gordon Douglas Pease Jan. 1938 Dec. 1942 Republ.
Frank S. Ebersole[39] Jan. 1943 Dec. 1947 Republ.
Rollin Richard Roth, Sr Jan. 1948 Dec. 1955 Republ.
Ray Bernard Messick Jan. 1956-59 Dec. 1963
Ralph Bowman Shenk Jan. 1964; 1968; Dec. 1975 Republ.
Steven Regis Chisick Jan. 1976 Dec. 1979 Dem.
Max Ronald Chiddister Jan. 1980 Dec. 1987 Republ.
Michael S. Puro Jan. 1988 Mar.1997 Dem.
Allan J. Kauffman Apr. 1997 Dec. 2015 Dem.
Jeremy P. Stutsman Jan. 2016 Jun. 2023 Dem.
Gina M. Leichty Jun. 2023 Dem.

Politicians

Entertainment

Sports

Other

Sister cities

Goshen has two sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International.[40]


See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons Category Шаблон:Wikivoyage Шаблон:EB1911 Poster

Шаблон:Elkhart County, Indiana Шаблон:County Seats of Indiana Шаблон:Indiana

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 The Yankee Exodus: An Account of Migration from New England by Stewart Hall Holbrook University of Washington Press, 1968
  8. ↑ American Zion: The Old Testament as a Political Text from the Revolution to ... By Eran Shalev, Yale University Press, March 26, 2013 Шаблон:ISBN page 70–71
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 A Twentieth Century History and Biographical Record of Elkhart County, Indiana, edited by Anthony Deahl, Lewis Publishing Company, 1905
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:NRISref
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок GR2 не указан текст
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ <https://www.goshennews.com/news/leichty-named-interim-goshen-mayor/article_5485870e-ead4-11ed-b9f3-23b3cc3b38b4.html>
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:FAA-airport. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective May 31, 2012.
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Joseph Mitchell (Indiana judge), “J.A.S. Mitchell House,” Fifth and Madison
  31. ↑ "Our Harding Family" by MARY E. HARDING BAIRD 1957, Mayor 1882-U & 1886-1888
  32. ↑ Who's Who in Finance, Incorporated (N.Y.), vol 1, pub. 1911; tr. by J.S. Centennial history and handbook of Indiana. Cottman, George S. (George Streibe), 1857–1941
  33. ↑ "Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs of Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, Indiana: Together with Biographies of Many Prominent Men of Northern Indiana and of the Whole State, Both Living and Dead"
  34. ↑ Pictorial and Biographical Memoirs of Elkhart and St. Joseph Counties, Indiana 1893; "GOSHEN—John B. Walk, ex-mayor of this city, whose suicide has been noted, shortly before hanging himself paid an assessment on a $5,000 life insurance/policy. . Ever since he failed in the drug business several years ago Mr. Walk has been despondent "Hoosier State Chronicles" 30 May 1901 & 5 June 1901 (https://newspapers.library.in.gov )
  35. ↑ https://archive.org/stream/standardhistoryo01weav/standardhistoryo01weav_djvu.txt; https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pictorial_and_Biographical_Memoirs_of_El/z55DAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Joseph+H+Heatwole%22&pg=PA608&printsec=frontcover
  36. ↑ Elected to fill unexpired term, then elec. To fill a full term, https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5174&context=ilj ; (1930) "Obituaries," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 16.
  37. ↑ Year Book for the State of Indiana https://worldcat.org/en/title/11801547
  38. ↑ The Michigan Alumnus, Volume 43 1936; Hardwood Record, Volume 43 Hardwood Company, 1917 - Forests and forestry;
  39. ↑ The Ebersol Families in America – 1727-1937. Lansing, MI, 1937
  40. ↑ [1] Шаблон:Webarchive
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