Английская Википедия:Gospić

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Gospić (Шаблон:IPA-hr) is a town in the mountainous and sparsely populated region of Lika, Croatia. It is the administrative center of Lika-Senj County. Gospić is located near the Lika River in the middle of a karst field (Ličko Polje).

Gospić is the third smallest seat of a county government in Croatia. Its status as the county capital helped to spur some development in it, but the town as well as the entire region have suffered a constant decrease in population over the last several decades. Serbian scientist and inventor Nikola Tesla was born in the nearby village of Smiljan and grew up in Gospić.

Municipality

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Шаблон:Croatian population data graph

History

Файл:Gospić 1896 5kr.jpg
Kingdom of Hungary stamp cancelled in 1896
Файл:Gospic 1914.jpg
Soldiers from the 79th Infantry Regiment (K.u.K. Otočaner Infaterie-regiment Graf Jellačić), known as the “Jelačićevci” marching through Gospić in 1914.

The first organised inhabitation of the area was recorded in 1263 as Kaseg or Kasezi. The name Gospić is first mentioned in 1604, which likely originates from the Croatian word for "lady" (gospa) or another archaic form, gospava. It was ruled by Ottoman Empire as part of Sanjak of Lika initially in Rumeli Eyalet (1528–1580), later in Bosnia Eyalet (1580–1686).

Today's town was built around two Ottoman forts (the towers of Aga Senković and of Aga Alić). The Turkish incursion was repelled by the end of the 17th century and Gospić became an administrative centre of the Lika region within the Military Frontier.

Until 1918, Gospić (named GOSPICH before 1850) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia after the compromise of 1867), in the Croatian Military Frontier, Likaner Regiment N° I.[1] In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Gospić was part of the Lika-Krbava County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia.

During the Genocide of Serbs by the Ustaše in WWII, the district of Gospić experienced the first large-scale massacres which occurred in the Lika region, as some 3,000 Serb civilians were killed between late July and early August 1941.[2] A concentration camp was established in Gospić in which (together with other camps that belonged to the same complex) the Ustaše might have killed between 24,000-42,000 people, most of them being Serbs and Jews, but some of the prisoners were also Croatian.[3][4]

In the 1990s, during the course of the Croatian War of Independence, Gospić suffered greatly during the Battle of Gospić. The town was held by Croatian government forces throughout the war, while the rebel Serb forces of the Republic of Serbian Krajina occupied positions directly to the east and often bombarded the town from there. In February 1992, a statue of the Serb scientist Nikola Tesla in downtown Gospić was destroyed in an explosion. The perpetrators were never apprehended.[5] The town was the site of the Gospić massacre, where between 100-120 predominantly Serb civilians were killed by Croatian military units.[6] Control of the area finally devolved to the Croatian government with the success of Operation Storm in August 1995.[6]

Gospić is also the site of one of the regional branches of the Croatian State Archives, the Državni arhiv Gospić, at Kaniška 17. It was founded 30 September 1999 and officially opened 1 September 2000 in a renovated building and now houses historical documents of relevance to the Lika-Senj region which were formerly housed in the Regional Archive at Karlovac. In 2013, Croatian Prime Minister Zoran Milanović urged the town's authorities to allow for a replica of the Tesla statue that had been destroyed in 1992 to be reinstated. The mayor of Gospić, Milan Kolić, refused to give his approval for such a move and instead vowed to erect a statue of wartime Croatian President Franjo Tuđman on the spot where the Tesla statue had once stood.[5]

People

Gallery

Climate

Gospić has a humid continental climate, Dfb by Köppen climate classification, with mean temperatures varying from Шаблон:Convert in January to Шаблон:Convert in July. Being situated higher than Шаблон:Convert above sea level, the area experiences high diurnal ranges, especially in summer, and frost has been recorded in every month except for July. The record low and high temperatures are Шаблон:Convert and Шаблон:Convert, respectively. Gospić is also quite a rainy city, with a slight summer minimum, but it experiences plentiful precipitation all year long, with the maximum being in autumn. During winter, Gospić can get strong blizzards, with on average 5.1 days a year when more than Шаблон:Convert falls, and 16.1 days when more than Шаблон:Convert falls. Its record snow cover was Шаблон:Convert, and it was measured in February 1916. Шаблон:Weather box

Demographics

Demographic history of municipality
Ethnic group 1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991[7] 2001[8] 2011[9]
Croats 24,307 (65.02%) 18,525 (59.25%) 18,613 (64.07%) 12,050 (92.84%) 11,860 (93.06%)
Serbs 11,801 (31.56%) 9,283 (29.69%) 8,976 (30.89%) 625 (4.82%) 609 (4.78%)
Yugoslavs 635 (1.69%) 2,907 (9.29%) 513 (1.76%)
Others 640 (1.71%) 548 (1.75%) 947 (3.26%) 305 (2.35%)
Total[10] 26,920 26,285 27,390 37,383 31,263 29,049 12,980 12,745
Demographic history of town
1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991[7] 2001[8] 2011[9]
4,204[10] 5,127[10] 6,767[10] 8,046[10] 8,725[10] 9,025 6,088 5,795

Politics

Minority councils and representatives

Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.[11] At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority council of the Town of Gospić with only 13 members being elected in the end.[12]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:County seats of Croatia Шаблон:Subdivisions of Lika-Senj County Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864, by Edwin MUELLER, 1961.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857–2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Croatian Census 2011
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 10,4 10,5 Croatia censuses 1948–1991
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Gospić&oldid=14998609