Английская Википедия:Grand admiral
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Navalranks Grand admiral is a historic naval rank, the highest rank in the several European navies that used it. It is best known for its use in Germany as Шаблон:Lang. A comparable rank in modern navies is that of admiral of the fleet.
Austria-Hungary
The Austrian grand admirals were all members of the Imperial family, except for Шаблон:Lang, the commander of the Austro-Hungarian Navy for part of World War I:
- 1911: Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria (1860–1933)
- 12 May 1916: Шаблон:Lang (1851–1917)
- 9 October 1916: Prince Henry of Prussia (1862–1929)
- 1 November 1916: Kaiser Charles I of Austria (1887–1922)
- 22 February 1917: Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany (1859–1941)
France
In Bourbon Restoration France, the rank was an honorific one equivalent to that of marshal in the French Army.
Germany
In the Imperial German Navy, and later in the Шаблон:Lang, the rank Großadmiral was the equivalent of a British admiral of the fleet or a United States fleet admiral; as a five-star rank (OF-10). No German army equivalent. Its holders were authorised to carry a baton.[1]
The rank was created in 1901 and discontinued in 1945, by which time a total of eight men had been promoted to it. The next most junior rank was Шаблон:Lang (admiral-general).
Imperial Germany
Before and during World War I, the following were made grand admirals of the Imperial German Navy (Шаблон:Lang):
- King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (26 June 1902)[2]
- Шаблон:Lang (28 June 1905)
- King Oscar II of Sweden (13 July 1905)
- Prince Henry of Prussia (4 September 1909)
- Шаблон:Lang (27 January 1911)
- Шаблон:Lang (31 July 1918)
Nazi Germany
Шаблон:See also Großadmiral was the most senior rank of the Шаблон:Lang, immediately senior to Шаблон:Lang. There were no more grand admirals until 1939. The following men were made grand admirals during the Nazi regime:
- Шаблон:Lang, then-Commander-in-Chief of the Шаблон:Lang, was made a grand admiral on 1 April 1939.
- Шаблон:Lang, commander of the U-boat fleet, was made a grand admiral on 30 January 1943 upon succeeding Raeder as Commander-in-Chief.
Italy
The rank of grand admiral (Шаблон:Lang-it) was created by Шаблон:Lang in 1924. It was established primarily to honour Шаблон:Lang, who had been head of the Italian Шаблон:Lang during World War I — he was the only person to be awarded the rank. It was equivalent to marshal of Italy in the army and also marshal of the Air Force.
Peru
In 1967 the rank of Grand Admiral of Peru (Шаблон:Lang-es) was awarded posthumously to Miguel Grau Seminario and is equivalent to the army rank of Grand Marshal of Peru.
Sweden
In Sweden the rank of grand admiral was only ever awarded twice. Once to Prince Charles (XIII), whom was given the title at birth and which was used by him as the commander of the Swedish Royal Navy and once to crown prince Oscar I as a courtesy title to honour his adoptive grandfather, the late king Charles XIII.[3]
Turkey
Grand Admiral (Turkish: Büyük Amiral) is nominally a rank in the Turkish Navy. It is the equivalent of the ranks of field marshal in the Army and Air Force. Since the foundation of the Republic in 1923, no person has held the rank. It is awarded by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey to persons who are holding the rank of admiral and displayed distinguished merit in wartime.
In fiction
Among the grand admirals appearing in fiction and science fiction, one notable figure is Grand Admiral Thrawn of the Star Wars science fiction franchise.[4]
References
- ↑ BROCKHAUS, The encyclopedia in 24 volumes (1796–2001), Volume 9: 3-7653-3660-2, page 164; definition: «Großadmiral»
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
