Английская Википедия:Grand chancellor (Republic of Venice)

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The grand chancellor (Шаблон:Lang-it) was one of the most senior offices in the Republic of Venice. Alone among the senior magistracies, which were reserved for the Venetian patriciate, it was held by common citizens (Шаблон:Lang).

History and functions

The origins of the title are unknown. It appeared along with the chancery of the Doge of Venice, and is first mentioned in the sources in 1268.Шаблон:Sfn It was the highest office held exclusively by Шаблон:Lang, the non-noble citizens of the Republic of Venice, and as a result it was also the de facto head of this social class, just as the Doge was for the patriciate.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The holder of the office enjoyed unusual privileges: the title of Excellency, purple clothing like the Doge's, and a very high place in the order of precedence—right after the Doge, the ducal councillors, and the Procurators of Saint Mark.Шаблон:Sfn

The grand chancellor was elected by the Great Council of Venice,Шаблон:Sfn[1] and supervised the Doge's chancery and the archives of the Venetian state.Шаблон:Sfn Exceptionally for Venetian magistracies, tenure was for life,Шаблон:Sfn as for the Doge and the Procurators of Saint Mark.Шаблон:Sfn The chancellor had the right to enter all governing councils of the Republic, along with the Doge.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He kept the registers of elections to the councils, was responsible for the appointment of notaries, and kept the state treaties with foreign powers in a locked closet (the Шаблон:Lang), to which only he had access.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

His deputies were the Шаблон:Lang and Шаблон:Lang of the chancery.Шаблон:Sfn The chancery comprised a hundred clerks, likewise recruited exclusively from the non-noble citizenry;Шаблон:Sfn The historian Ioana Iordanou stresses that "[t]hese were different from other public officers in a significant way: recruitment was subject to rigorous public examinations, formal training, and, more often than not, continuous professional development".Шаблон:Sfn After an examination, they attained the rank of extraordinary clerk (Шаблон:Lang), and after five years progressed to become ordinary clerk (Шаблон:Lang).Шаблон:Sfn The clerks were often entrusted with sensitive missions on behalf of the state, including as residents in embassies abroad (though not as amabssadors).Шаблон:Sfn Higher levels still were as secretary to the Venetian Senate and ultimately as secretary to the Council of Ten, posts which were attained after further years of service or successful missions abroad.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

List of grand chancellors

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Further reading

Шаблон:Republic of Venice topics

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  1. ↑ cf. Шаблон:Harvnb.
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