Английская Википедия:Grand station (CTA Logan Square branch)

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Grand was a rapid transit station on the Chicago "L"Шаблон:'s Logan Square branch, one of the several branches of the Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad. Located on Grand Avenue, the station was constructed by the Metropolitan in the early 1890s and began service on May 6, 1895.

The Metropolitan, one of four companies that would build what became the Chicago "L", had many branches to serve Chicago's west side, including the Logan Square branch on which Grand lay. With some interruptions and financial issues, it operated these lines until 1911, when it handed operations to Chicago Elevated Railways, and formally merged into the Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT) in 1924. The "L" was taken over by the publicly-held Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) in 1947.

A subway had been planned since the late 1930s to reach downtown in a more direct way than the portion of the Logan Square branch where Grand stood. This subway was originally intended to supplement the old elevated Logan Square branch, but the CTA sought to simplify its routing and saw no need for the old branch's continued existence. The subway opened on February 25, 1951, with a station of its own on Grand Avenue; the old Grand station was then closed along with the others on the affected part of the branch. The station and its trackage remained in non-revenue service until it was demolished and the property sold off in 1964.

Grand was typical of the Metropolitan's stations, with two wooden side platforms and a brick station house at street level. For most of its existence it connected with a streetcar route that reached Navy Pier; both the "L" and streetcar had owl service. After the late 1910s it was also the lowest-ridership station on the Logan Square branch, and one of the least-patronized on the entire "L".

History

Шаблон:Main The Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railroad Company was granted a 50-year franchise by the Chicago City Council on April 7, 1892,Шаблон:Sfn and began securing right of way shortly thereafter.Шаблон:Sfn As designed, the Metropolitan's operations would comprise a main line that went west from downtown to Marshfield, where three branchesШаблон:Sndone northwest to Logan Square, one due west to Garfield Park, and one southwest to Douglas ParkШаблон:Sndwould diverge and serve various parts of Chicago's west side.Шаблон:Sfn A further branch to Humboldt Park would proceed due west from the Logan Square branch just past Robey Street.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Unlike the competing South Side and Lake Street Elevateds, the Metropolitan never used steam traction; although intending to and building much of its structure with locomotives in mind,Шаблон:Sfn it decided in May 1894 to have electrified tracks instead,Шаблон:Sfn opening as the first revenue electric elevated railroad in the United States.Шаблон:Sfn The Metropolitan's tracks on the Logan Square branch were finished up to Robey by the middle of October 1894, and were given power in April 1895 for test and inspection runs.Шаблон:Sfn The Metropolitan began service at 6 a.m. on Monday, May 6, 1895, between Robey on the Logan Square branchШаблон:Efn and Canal on the main line. Eleven stations opened that day, one of which was on Grand Avenue.

The Metropolitan's lines were originally operated by the West Side Construction Company, which had been responsible for constructing them, and would be transferred to the Metropolitan on October 6, 1896.Шаблон:Sfn The backers and officers of the two companies were largely identical, however, so this transfer of ownership was nominal.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The expenses incurred in constructing the Metropolitan's vast trackage would come back to haunt the company, which entered receivership in 1897; the similarly-named Metropolitan West Side Elevated Railway Company was organized in January 1899 and assumed operations on February 3 of that year.Шаблон:Sfn The new Metropolitan, along with the other companies operating "L" lines in Chicago, became a part of the Chicago Elevated Railways (CER) trust on July 1, 1911.Шаблон:Sfn CER acted as a de facto holding company for the "L"Шаблон:Sndunifying its operations, instituting the same management across the companies, and instituting free transfers between the lines starting in 1913Шаблон:Sndbut kept the underlying companies intact.Шаблон:Sfn This continued until the companies were formally merged into the single Chicago Rapid Transit Company (CRT), which assumed operations on January 9; the former Metropolitan was designated the Metropolitan Division of the CRT for administrative purposes.Шаблон:Sfn Although municipal ownership of transit had been a hotly-contested issue for half a century, the publicly-owned Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) would not be created until 1945,Шаблон:Sfn or assume operation of the "L" until October 1, 1947.

Closure and demolition

Plans for Chicago to have a subway system to relieve the severe congestion of, if not replace, its elevated trackage dated back to the early 20th century, but the city lagged in building subways.Шаблон:Sfn A plan developed for a subway to directly connect the west side with downtown; a 1939 plan also introduced the idea of replacing the Metropolitan's main line and Garfield Park branch with a section of rapid transit operating through a proposed Congress superhighway (the eventual Interstate 290). These sections of transit would be connected, allowing for the area's rapid transit to be routed through downtown rather than adhere to a trunk-and-branch model.Шаблон:Sfn

The subway's approval did not immediately imply the end of the old Logan Square branch; plans in 1939 included another proposed subway to connect the branch with the Ravenswood branch to the north and through-routing it with the Douglas Park branch to the south into a subway on Ashland Avenue to form a crosstown route.Шаблон:Sfn Damen Tower, serving the Humboldt Park branch divergence, was rebuilt with the expectation that it also would switch trains between the subway and the elevated, in the same manner as the State Street subway supplementing the earlier elevated North Side main line, and as late as 1949 commuters were promised such a setup that would have preserved the old Logan Square trackage. However, the CTA had no interest in operating either the old Logan Square elevated or the Humboldt Park branch; the new Damen Tower would never be installed with switching equipment, and the Logan Square branch south of Damen would be closed after the subway opened.

World War II interrupted the construction of the subway; although the federal government allowed the continued construction of the State Street subway, it did not do so for the Dearborn subway despite its being 82 percent complete in 1942. After the war ended, work resumed on the Dearborn subway and it opened at the midnight beginning Sunday, February 25, 1951. The subway was predicted to reduce the travel time between Logan Square and downtown from 28 minutes to 15. Since construction had not started on the Congress Line, trains in the subway turned back at its southern terminus at LaSalle. Despite this incomplete state, and complaints from riders no longer given a direct trip to the Near West Side, the new subway had over 60 percent higher ridership than the old Logan Square branch by the end of the year.Шаблон:Sfn The subway contains a station of its own on Grand Avenue.

The old Logan Square branch trackage south of its entrance to the subway became known as the Paulina Connector, connecting the branch with the rest of the "L" system now that it no longer had revenue service to the Loop. Construction on the Congress Line began in 1954, leaving the Douglas branch with the issue of how to connect with the Loop in the meantime.Шаблон:Sfn The Paulina Connector south of Washington Boulevard (about Шаблон:Cvt south of Grand) was reopened for the purpose,Шаблон:Sfn but the Metropolitan's old tracks north of Washington were replaced in revenue service by a direct connection to the Lake Street Elevated's trackage known as Washington Junction. This connection was used until the Congress Line was completed in 1958, after which the Douglas branch connected directly with it to use the Dearborn Street subway to go downtown, creating the "West-Northwest Route" that was renamed the Blue Line in 1992.

Wooden parts from the old stations on the Connector, including Grand, were removed to reduce fire hazards, as were the lowest flights of stairs to deter trespassing. North of Washington Junction, the old northbound track was removed in 1957 while the southbound track continued non-revenue operations. The portion of the Connector north of Kinzie Street, including where Division, Chicago, and Grand stations stood, was demolished in 1964 and the right of way sold to adjacent landowners.

Station details

A brick station house, at street level, with an angled bay window. The windows have white trimming, while the doors and house cornice have blue trimmings.

The station house at California in 2011; Grand's station house was of a similar design.

Grand had two wooden side platforms at its tracks and a station house at street level. The station house, made of red pressed brick and white limestone trim with a stone sill and foundation, was designed similarly to other stations on the Logan Square branch, surviving examples of which are at California and Damen, with a corniced and dentiled front bay containing dual doors specifically marked "Entrance" and "Exit" and prolific use of terra cotta. Its platforms had hipped roof tin canopies in the center and decorative cast-iron railings with diamond designs.Шаблон:Sfn Unlike elsewhere on the "L", station houses on the Metropolitan had central heating and a basement.Шаблон:Sfn The Metropolitan's tracks and stations were constructed by the West Side Construction Company, a company with the same officers as the Metropolitan itself and the chief engineer of E. W. Elliot, with steel and iron from the Carnegie Steel Company.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Operations and connections

As originally opened, the Metropolitan's trains ran every six minutes between 6 a.m. and 6:30 p.m., and every ten minutes during the night, on the main line and Northwest branch; the average speed was Шаблон:Cvt. By 1898, the night hours were updated so that trains ran at 30-minute intervals on each branch, or 15 minutes on the Northwest branch. Fare control was usually by a station agent posted 24 hours a day, but conductors were used instead on the Northwest branch during night and off-peak hours from 1931 to 1934, and during 1936 and 1937.Шаблон:Sfn

Grand Avenue had streetcar routes as early as 1912, which were consolidated in 1916 to a single line with Navy Pier as its eastern end.Шаблон:Sfn By 1928, this route had owl service between 1 and 5 a.m., wherein cars ran once every thirty minutes;Шаблон:Sfn during the day, streetcar lines in Chicago typically had intervals of between eight and fifteen minutes per car.Шаблон:Sfn Service was cut back from Navy Pier in 1941, and buses began supplementing streetcars in 1949, replacing them altogether in 1951 shortly after the station's abandonment.Шаблон:Sfn

Ridership

Grand's ridership peaked in 1902 Шаблон:Nowrap.Шаблон:Sfn Between 1900 and 1913, the station was consistently in the middle of the Northwest branch'sШаблон:Efn rankings, surpassing the stations of Lake and Madison to its south but trailing Robey, Division, and Chicago to its north.Шаблон:Sfn By the late 1910s, the station was the lowest-ridership station on the branch except for the Metropolitan's portion of the Lake Street Transfer station, the successor to Lake and a station whose ridership the Metropolitan shared with the Lake Street Elevated, giving a combined ridership higher than that of Grand; in any event, Grand's ridership also trailed every station on the Logan Square branch proper.Шаблон:Sfn Ridership last Шаблон:Nowrap, Шаблон:Nowrap, Шаблон:Nowrap, Шаблон:Nowrap, and Шаблон:Nowrap.Шаблон:Sfn During the 1930s, ridership dropped below six figures, bottoming out Шаблон:Nowrap.Шаблон:Sfn In the last year ridership records are available, 1948, Grand served 128,950 passengers, Шаблон:Nowrap.Шаблон:Sfn In 1948, it was the 196th-most ridden of the 223 stations on the Chicago "L" at the beginning of the year where ridership was recorded; in 1947, it had been the 193rd-most ridden of 222 such stations.Шаблон:EfnШаблон:Sfn

Works cited

• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite report
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book