Английская Википедия:Graphis paraschiffneri

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Graphis paraschiffneri is a little-known species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) script lichen in the family Graphidaceae. It is only known to occur in Nicaragua. Closely related to Graphis schiffneri, the lichen is distinguished from this lookalike by its longer Шаблон:Lichengloss with more septa (internal partitions) and extended Шаблон:Lichengloss (fruiting bodies).

Taxonomy

Graphis paraschiffneri was formally described as a new species in 2015 by the lichenologists Robert Lücking and Othmar Breuss. First identified in Nicaragua, near the Pacific coast at Playa El Coco, about Шаблон:Cvt south of San Juan del Sur, the type specimen was collected by the second author on 19 July 2001. The species epithet alludes to its similarity with Graphis schiffneri.

Description

The thallus of Graphis paraschiffneri is epiperidermal (i.e., growing on the surface of the bark Шаблон:Lichengloss, rather than in it), with a thickness of 100–150 micrometres (µm). It has a greyish-white, smooth, and slightly Шаблон:Lichengloss (cracked) appearance, thinly coated with a Шаблон:Lichengloss containing an irregular Шаблон:Lichengloss and calcium oxalate crystals. It lacks a prothallus. The Шаблон:Lichengloss, which are the fruiting structures, are Шаблон:Lichengloss to Шаблон:Lichengloss, typically measuring 1.5–3.0 mm in length and about 0.25 mm in width. They are either Шаблон:Lichengloss or sparsely branched and has a lateral Шаблон:Lichengloss. The labia are Шаблон:Lichengloss to slightly furrowed at the tips, with free and black, non-Шаблон:Lichengloss tips; the Шаблон:Lichengloss remains concealed. The Шаблон:Lichengloss is completely Шаблон:Lichengloss, measuring 230–280 µm in width and 170–200 µm in height. The Шаблон:Lichengloss is approximately 20 µm tall and colourless, while the clear hymenium is 90–120 µm tall. The paraphyses are unbranched and hyaline (transclucent), and the Шаблон:Lichengloss is Шаблон:Lichengloss and grey-brown. The Шаблон:Lichengloss, numbering eight per ascus, are colourless, and stain violet-blue with iodine. Spores are elongated, measuring 30–42 (sometimes up to 50) by 7.5–8.5 µm, and have 10 to 14 Шаблон:Lichengloss.

Graphis paraschiffneri contains norstictic acid, as detected by thin-layer chromatography. Spot tests on the thallus yield reactions of C−, P−, and K+ (yellow turning slowly to orange-red).

Similar species

Graphis paraschiffneri shares characteristics with G. schiffneri in terms of norstictic acid presence, slightly striate labia, a completely carbonised excipulum, and transversely septate ascospores. It is distinct due to its longer lirellae and larger ascospores. Another related species, Graphis caesiocarpa, differs in having richly branched lirellae and entire, white-pruinose labia with a complete thalline cover. While G. caesiocarpa has similarly sized spores, these spores have fewer septa (7–10) compared to those of G. paraschiffneri.

Habitat and distribution

This lichen species is found growing on tree bark in the Pacific coastal region of Nicaragua. At the time of its original publication, it was known to occur exclusively at the type locality. As of 2023, it is one of 319 lichen species that have been recorded in Nicaragua.