Английская Википедия:Grass Valley, California

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox settlement

Grass Valley is a city in Nevada County, California, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 12,860. Situated at roughly Шаблон:Convert in elevation in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, this northern Gold Country city is Шаблон:Convert by car from Sacramento and Шаблон:Convert west of Reno.

History

Файл:Gold-130327.jpg
Gold in quartz, from one of the old Grass Valley mines
Файл:Grass Valley Geologic Map.jpg
Grass Valley geologic map, and the location of the North Star, Empire, and Maryland mines

Grass Valley, which was originally known as Boston Ravine and later named Centerville, dates from the California Gold Rush, as does nearby Nevada City. Gold was discovered at Gold Hill in October 1850 and population grew around the mine. When a post office was established in 1851, it was renamed Grass Valley the next year for unknown reasons. The town was incorporated in 1860.[1]

The essential history of Grass Valley mining belongs to the North Star, Empire and Idaho-Maryland mines, for continuous production over a span of years. From 1868 until 1900, the Idaho-Maryland mine was the most productive in the district. From 1900 until 1925, the North Star and the Empire produced the most gold in the county. In 1932, the Empire and North Star were physically connected at the 4600-foot level and 5300-foot level.[2]

Grass Valley has the Empire Mine and North Star Mine, two of California's richest mines. George Starr, manager of the Empire Mine, and William Bowers Bourn II, the owner, donated mine property which became Memorial Park.[3]Шаблон:Rp Wiliam Bourn Jr. had taken over management of the Empire Mine in 1878 after his father's death, replacing water power with steam. In 1884, Bourn purchased and rejuvenated the North Star mine. The Idaho and Maryland mines were consolidated by Samuel P. Dorsey in 1893. In 1925, Errol MacBoyle acquired the Idaho-Maryland. By 1938, the Idaho-Maryland was the second largest gold producer in the country. However, gold mining operations in the area ended during WWII, due to War Production Board Limitation Order 208. After the war, renewed operations were attempted, but according to Gage McKinney, "by the mid-1950s mining was no longer profitable in what had been the richest gold mining district in California."[4][5][6][7]

Many of those who came to settle in Grass Valley were tin miners from Cornwall, United Kingdom. Most arrived between 1860 and 1895, composing three quarters of Grass Valley's population.[8]

Grass Valley still holds on to its Cornish heritage, with events such as its annual Cornish Christmas and St Piran's Day celebrations.[9] Cornish pasties are a local favorite dish with a few restaurants in town specializing in recipes handed down from the original immigrant generation. Grass Valley is also twinned with Bodmin in Cornwall (UK).

There was formerly a (short-lived) Roman Catholic Diocese of Grass Valley[10] in 1868–1884, later relocated in Sacramento (and now a titular see).


The Grass Valley Kmart store, opened in 1981 was one of the nation's few remaining still open and the last one in California. It closed in 2021. It is now a Target department discount store.[11][12]

Geography

Grass Valley is located at Шаблон:Coord (39.219215, -121.058414).[13] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of Шаблон:Convert, all of it land.

A variety of igneous and metamorphic rock supports Grass Valley. Granitic rock such as quartz diorite underlies the downtown core and extends south along Highway 49. Metavolcanic rock and diabase underlie areas around the granitic zone. Neighborhoods around Nevada County Golf Course and Sierra Nevada Memorial Hospital are underlain by ultramafic rock[14] which supports infertile soils of the Dubakella series. Here the vegetation is sparse considering the high average annual precipitation, with much grassland, and forested areas are often dominated by several species of oaks and the crooked, thin-crowned gray pine.[15] Luxuriant forest dominated by straight, dense ponderosa pine inhabits the more fertile soils, which include Musick series on granitic rock and Sites series on mafic or metamorphic rock.[16][17]

Climate

Grass Valley has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa) with warm to hot, dry summers and wet, cool, rainy winters. Summer is very dry, but thunderstorms may occur. Rainfall averages over Шаблон:Convert per year, in extreme contrast with the semi-arid valley below, which average as low as Шаблон:Convert in some parts. The high rainfall also gives the area green vegetation typical of an oceanic climate. This contributes to a heavy fuel-loading of brush and grass, which dry out during the near-rainless summer, posing a wildfire hazard.

Winters are cool but rarely cold. Snow occurs irregularly, but typically there are at least one or more snow events per year, often in the late winter.

Over the course of a year, 36.4 days of Шаблон:Convert or hotter and 0.9 days of Шаблон:Convert or hotter occur, with 61.4 days with minimum of Шаблон:Convert or colder.[18]

Шаблон:Weather box

Demographics

Шаблон:US Census population

Файл:DelOro.jpg
The iconic spire of the Del Oro Theatre

2010

The 2010 United States Census[19] reported that Grass Valley had a population of 12,860. The population density was Шаблон:Convert. The racial makeup of Grass Valley was 11,493 (89.4%) White, 208 (1.6%) Native American, 188 (1.5%) Asian, 46 (0.4%) African American, 9 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 419 (3.3%) from other races, and 497 (3.9%) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1,341 persons (10.4%).

The census reported that 12,401 people (96.4% of the population) lived in households, 118 (0.9%) lived in noninstitutionalized group quarters, and 341 (2.7%) were institutionalized.

Of the 6,077 households, 1,544 (25.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,665 (27.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 980 (16.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, and 316 (5.2%) had a male householder with no wife present, 466 (7.7%) were unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 33 (0.5%) were same-sex married couples or partnerships. About 2,605 households (42.9%) were made up of individuals, and 1,415 (23.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.04. The 2,961 families (48.7% of all households) had an average family size of 2.78.

The population was distributed as 2,625 people (20.4%) under the age of 18, 1,146 people (8.9%) aged 18 to 24, 2,882 people (22.4%) aged 25 to 44, 3,183 people (24.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,024 people (23.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.5 males.

The 6,637 housing units averaged 1,399.3 per square mile (540.3/kmШаблон:Sup), of which 2,391 (39.3%) were owner-occupied, and 3,686 (60.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%; 4,663 people (36.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 7,738 people (60.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the census[20] of 2000, 10,922 people, 5,016 households, and 2,678 families resided in the city. The population density was Шаблон:Convert.

Of the 5,016 households, 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.4% were married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.6% were not families. About 39.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.80 people.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,182, and for a family was $33,220. Males had a median income of $32,568 versus $21,915 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,877. About 12.9% of families and 14.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

Файл:Grass Valley, Main Street.jpg
Shops on Main Street

The combined communities of Grass Valley and Nevada City have a fairly diversified economy. The Gold Rush days left a historical legacy and tourism and the related services sector constitute the bulk of the local economy.[21] Nevada County is sometimes thought of as a bedroom community for families, with significant numbers of retirees. Those of working age often commute to Sacramento Valley cities to work, especially to job centers in Roseville, Yuba City, and Sacramento; and sometimes as far as the Bay Area. These commutes are quite long, resulting in many residents becoming super commuters. Many of those who do not commute to the Sacramento Valley work locally in retail, wholesale, trade, engineering, manufacturing, construction, and other businesses, as well in local and state government. A significant number of high-tech electronics companies are in the area.

Another significant sector of the local economy is agriculture, as the soil in Nevada County is quite fertile. Around the time of the Gold Rush, farmers planted orchards, vegetables, and other produce as ranchers brought in cattle, sheep, and other livestock. While the proportion of land dedicated to agriculture has significantly decreased over the last few decades, agriculture continues to be an important aspect of the local economy, including organic agricultural products. Nevada County has also become known for its growing wine industry.[21]

Major employers in Grass Valley include Nevada Union High School, Nevada Irrigation District, Sierra Nevada Memorial Hospital, Golden Empire Nursing and Rehab Center, AJA Video Systems, Inc. and Briar Patch Food Co-op.[22]

The Grass Valley Group is a media technology research and development company founded in the city in 1959.[23]

Government

Grass Valley has been a charter city since it was incorporated in 1893. It uses a council-manager form of government.[24]

Representatives

In the California State Legislature, Grass Valley is in Шаблон:Representative,[25] and Шаблон:Representative.[26]

In the United States House of Representatives, Grass Valley is in Шаблон:Representative.[27]

Education

Файл:Grass Valley High School girls basketball team, 1918.jpg
Grass Valley High School girls' basketball team, 1918
Файл:Grass Valley Public Library.jpg
The public library, named for Josiah Royce

Higher education

Public primary and secondary schools

  • Bear River High School
  • Bell Hill Academy
  • Bitney College Prep Charter High School
  • Cottage Hill Elementary School
  • Forest Charter School
  • Grass Valley Charter School
  • Lyman Gilmore Middle School
  • Magnolia Intermediate School
  • Nevada Union High School
  • Nevada City School District
  • Pleasant Ridge Elementary School
  • Scotten Elementary School
  • Sierra Academy of Expeditionary Learning
  • Union Hill Middle School
  • William and Marian Ghidotti Early College High School
  • Yuba River Charter School
  • Clear Creek Elementary School

Public libraries

Transportation

Grass Valley is at the intersection of State Route 49 and State Route 20. Public transportation is served by the Gold Country Stage [1] and limited to the urban areas.

Designated historical landmarks

Файл:GrassValleyCARoyceLibrarySign.JPG
The inscription to Royce at the library

Popular culture

Wallace Stegner's Angle of Repose features Grass Valley.

Sister cities

Grass Valley has two sister cities:[28]

Notable people

Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Geographic location Шаблон:Nevada County, California Шаблон:Greater Sacramento Шаблон:Sierra Nevada Шаблон:Authority control

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ McQuiston, F.W., 1986, Gold: The Saga of the Empire Mine, 1850-1956, Grass Valley:Empire Mine Park Association, Шаблон:ISBN
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ https://www.google.ca/maps/@39.2258162,-121.0474607,3a,75y,291.18h,76.97t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1sH_ppfDYbTkOzB_i11BCCzA!2e0!6m1!1e1 Шаблон:Webarchive Google Street View showing gray pine-studded grassland on Dubakella soil.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ https://www.google.ca/maps/place/Grass+Valley,+CA,+USA/@39.214774,-121.072447,3a,75y,57.91h,89.67t/data=!3m4!1e1!3m2!1sv44gtXC4_1h3ZL5ciV-FQQ!2e0!4m2!3m1!1s0x809b703f5e27f1a9:0x63ba323ef37bb379 Ponderosa pine in an area dominated by Sites soil as seen in Google Street View
  18. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок NOAA не указан текст
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite GovTrack
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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