Английская Википедия:Great Offensive

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict Шаблон:Campaignbox Greco-Turkish War The Great Offensive (Шаблон:Lang-tr) was the largest and final military operation of the Turkish War of Independence, fought between the Turkish Armed Forces loyal to the government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and the Kingdom of Greece, ending the Greco-Turkish War. The offensive began on 26 August 1922 with the Battle of Dumlupınar. The Turks amassed around 98,000 men, the largest number since the beginning of the war, to begin the offensive against the Greek army of approximately 130,000 men. From 31 August to 9 September, the front moved a distance of Шаблон:Convert as the Greek troops retreated. The Turkish army lacked motorized vehicles; its forces consisted of infantry and cavalry units, and logistical support was provided by a supply system based on ox carts.

The Turkish troops reached the sea on 9 September with the capture of İzmir. The operation ended on 18 September 1922 with the capture of Erdek and Biga. The staggering defeat caused great dissent within the Greek army and a general loss of morale, which led to unwillingness to continue fighting. On top of this, numerous Greek divisions had been encircled and destroyed as effective fighting units, which meant that the Greek army had lost its offensive capabilities and was unable to organize a controlled retreat, leading to numerous Greek POWs.

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The offensive started with the Battle of Dumlupınar, where the Turkish army defeated the Greek army within four days, paving the way for a rapid offensive. After Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's order issued in the Forces of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the main part of the Turkish Army began moving toward İzmir and a secondary force began moving from Eskişehir toward Bursa. The commander-in-chief of the Greek forces in Asia Minor, Nikolaos Trikoupis, surrendered on 29 August. On 7 September, Aydın, Germencik and Kuşadası fell under Turkish control. On 16 September, the last Greek troops left Çeşme, and two days later the Greek III Corps left Erdek. The British Chief of Staff expressed his admiration for the Turkish military operation.

Gallery

• Cavalry galloping

  Turkish cavalry during a mopping-up operation

• Soldiers in a trench, with one looking in a different direction

  Turkish infantry in a trench

• Large group photo, with a dog in front

  Fahrettin Altay and V Cavalry Corps officers

• Soldiers marching down a road

  Greek soldiers retreating

• Burning buildings, with residents watching

  A Turkish village burnt by retreating Greek troops

• Inspection of the burned town of Turgutlu by a group of dignitaries and journalists

  Inspection of the burned town of Turgutlu by a group of dignitaries and journalists

• Large group photo of men in uniform

  Greek POW officers in Ankara

• Mustafa Kemal Pasha at Kocatepe hill, Afyonkarahisar

  Mustafa Kemal Pasha at Kocatepe hill, Afyonkarahisar

See also

• List of high-ranking commanders of the Turkish War of Independence
• Occupation of Smyrna
• Great Fire of Smyrna
• Great Thessaloniki Fire

Bibliography

• Kemal Niş, Reşat Söker, Türk İstiklâl Harbi, Batı Cephesi, Büyük Taarruz’da Takip Harekâtı (31 Ağustos – 18 Eylül 1922), Cilt 2, Kısım. 6, 3. Kitap, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1969. Шаблон:In lang
• İsmet Görgülü, Büyük Taarruz: 70 nci Yıl Armağanı, Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1992. Шаблон:In lang
• Celal Erikan, Komutan Atatürk, Cilt I-II, Üçüncü Basım, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001, Шаблон:ISBN. Шаблон:In lang

External links

• "9 Eylül 1922 İzmir'in Kurtuluşu" ("9 September 1922 Rebelation of İzmir"), Tarihten Kesitler, General Staff of the Republic of Turkey. Шаблон:In lang
• İzmir Marşı (Izmir March) Шаблон:Webarchive (lyrics) in Google Videos. Шаблон:In lang