Английская Википедия:Great desert skink
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Speciesbox The great desert skink (Liopholis kintorei or Egernia kintorei), also known as Kintore's egernia and by various names including tjakura in various Aboriginal Australian languages, is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the western half of Australia. It is a burrowing lizard and extremely social.
Etymology and variant names
The species is known as Liopholis kintorei or Egernia kintorei.[1] The specific name, kintorei, is in honour of Algernon Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore, a British politician who was a colonial governor of South Australia.[2]
The common name of the skink is great desert skink.[3]
Aboriginal Australian names for the skink include tjakura, mulyamiji, tjalapa, warrana (also spelt warrarna[1]), and nampu.[4]
Description
The great desert skink is a medium-sized skink,Шаблон:Cn reaching an average snout-to-vent length (SVL) of Шаблон:Cvt, weighing around Шаблон:Cvt.[4] It has smooth, small, glossy scales and is mostly rust-coloured on the top of the body, with the belly a vanilla colour. It has relatively large circular eyes and a short snout.Шаблон:Cn
They can be distinguished from Egernia striolata because they have more labials and more pointed ear lobules.[5]
Taxonomy
L. kintorei is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the western half of Australia.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The species is endemic to the western half of Australia,[3] occurring almost exclusively on Aboriginal land.[4] L. kintorei is native to the southwestern quarter of the Northern Territory (NT), dispersed slightly throughout most of Western Australia (WA),[6] and the northwestern corner of South Australia (SA).[1]
As the common name suggests, it is a desert reptile, living in burrows. The burrows can extend up to Шаблон:Cvt in length, and can have as many as 20 entrances.[6]
Behaviour
Researchers found in 2011 that out of over 5,000 species of lizards documented, this species was said to have "unique" behaviour among them with regard to their cooperative behaviour. Individuals of the great desert skink work in cooperation with one another to build and take care of their burrows, even digging out specific rooms for use as a defecatorium. Mates are faithful to one another and always mate with the same lizard, although 40 percent of males have been documented to mate with other females. The tunnels are mostly excavated by adults, while juvenile lizards contribute small "pop" holes to the system. DNA analysis has shown that immature lizards live in the same burrow with their siblings, regardless of age difference. The study, carried out in the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, also revealed that all immature lizards were full siblings in 18 of 24 burrow systems. Researchers confirmed that the lizards are family-based and keep the juveniles in the tunnel system until they mature.[6]
They hibernate in winter (May/mid-June to September/October).[1]
Conservation status
The great desert skink, or tjakura, is a threatened species,[4] listed as a vulnerable species under the federal EPBC Act, NT and WA legislation, and on the IUCN Red List. It is listed as endangered in South Australia.[1] It used to be a source of food for desert-dwelling Aboriginal peoples inhabiting central Australia, but since the colonisation of Australia, introduced pests such as foxes and feral cats have decimated the population.[4]
In March 2023, the first survey in a new National Recovery Plan for the great desert skink led by Indigenous rangers from across the Northern Territory, Western Australia, and South Australia was carried out. The rangers will continue to survey and collect data on the skink.[4]
References
Further reading
- Cogger HG (2014). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, Seventh Edition. Clayton, Victoria, Australia: CSIRO Publishing. xxx + 1,033 pp. Шаблон:ISBN.
- Stirling EC, Zietz A (1893). "Scientific Results of the Elder Exploring Expedition. Vertebrata. Mammalia. Reptilia". Trans. Royal Soc. South Australia 16: 154-176. (Egernia kintorei, new species, p. 171).
- Wilson, Steve; Swan, Gerry (2013). A Complete Guide to Reptiles of Australia, Fourth Edition. Sydney: New Holland Publishers. 522 pp. Шаблон:ISBN.
External links
- Great desert skink on the SPRAT database
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Шаблон:Cite web Файл:CC-BY icon.svg Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) licence.
- ↑ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. Шаблон:ISBN. (Egernia kintorei, p. 141).
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Storr, G.M. (1978). "The Genus Egernia (Lacertilia, Scincidae) in Western Australia" (PDF). WA Museum Records and Supplements. 6: 146–187.
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Reptiles of Western Australia
- Vulnerable fauna of Australia
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- Skinks of Australia
- Liopholis
- Reptiles described in 1893
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