Английская Википедия:Greek words for love
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Ancient Greek philosophy differentiates main conceptual forms and distinct words for the Modern English word love: agápē, érōs, philía, philautía, storgē, and xenía.
List of concepts
Though there are more Greek words for love, variants and possibly subcategories, a general summary considering these Ancient Greek concepts is:
- Agápe (Шаблон:Lang-grc[1]) means "love: esp. unconditional love, charity; the love of God for person and of person for God".[2] Agape is used in ancient texts to denote unconditional love, and it was also used to refer to a love feast.[3] Agape is used by Christians to express the unconditional love of God for His children.[4]Шаблон:Primary source inline This type of love was further explained by Thomas Aquinas as "to will the good of another".[5]
- Éros (Шаблон:Lang-grc) means "love, mostly of the sexual passion".[6] The Modern Greek word "erotas" means "intimate love". Plato refined his own definition: Although eros is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or and may ultimately transcend particulars to become an appreciation of beauty itself, hence the concept of platonic love to mean "without physical attraction". In Plato's Symposium, Socrates argues that eros helps the soul recall its inherent knowledge of ideal beauty and spiritual truth. Thus, the ideal form of youthful beauty arouses erotic desire, but also points toward higher spiritual ideals.[7]
- Philia (Шаблон:Lang-grc) means "affectionate regard, friendship", usually "between equals".[8] It is a dispassionate virtuous love.[9] In Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, philia is expressed variously as loyalty to friends ("brotherly love"), family, and community; it requires virtue, equality, and familiarity.
- Storge (Шаблон:Lang-grc) means "love, affection" and "especially of parents and children".[10] It is the common or natural empathy, like that felt by parents for offspring.[11] It is rarely used in ancient works, almost exclusively to describe family relationships. It may also express mere acceptance or tolerance, as in "loving" the tyrant. It may also describe love of country or enthusiasm for a favorite sports team.
- Philautia (Шаблон:Lang-grc) means "self-love". To love oneself or "regard for one's own happiness or advantage"[12]Шаблон:Full citation needed has been conceptualized both as a basic human necessity[13] and as a moral flaw, akin to vanity and selfishness,[14] synonymous with amour-propre or egotism. The Greeks further divided this love into positive and negative: one, the unhealthy version, is the self-obsessed love, and the other is the concept of self-compassion. Aristotle also considers philautia to be the root of a general kind of love for family, friends, the enjoyment of an activity, as well as that between lovers.
- Xenia (Шаблон:Lang-grc) is an ancient Greek concept of hospitality, "guest-friendship", or "ritualized friendship". It was a social institution requiring generosity, gift exchange, and reciprocity.[15] Hospitality towards foreigners and traveling Hellenes was understood as a moral obligation under the patronage of Zeus Xenios and Athene Xenia.
See also
- Color wheel theory of love
- Diotima of Mantinea
- The Four Loves by C. S. Lewis
- Greek love
- Intellectual virtue – Greek words for knowledge
- Love
- Restoration of Peter
- Sapphic love
References
Sources
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite dictionary
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Romans 5:5, 5:8
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ ἔρως, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ φιλία, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ στοργή, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Merriam-Webster dictionary.Шаблон:Verify source.
- ↑ See Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
- ↑ B. Kirkpatrick ed., Roget's Thesaurus (1998) p. 592, 639.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
