Английская Википедия:Gregory of Agrigento
Gregory (559–630) was the bishop of AgrigentoШаблон:Efn from 590 until at least 603 and a correspondent of Pope Gregory I. He is the probable subject of two semi-legendary saint's lives and possible author of a commentary on Ecclesiastes, although both of these identifications have been questioned.
Biography
According to his biography, Gregory was born near Agrigento on Sicily in 559.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn His mother's name was Theodote.Шаблон:Sfn At the age of eighteen,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn he went on a pilgrimage in the Holy Land, traveling via Carthage to Tripoli.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He was almost sold into slavery by a naukleros (ship-owner) in Carthage. The account of his travels in his biography has a romantic character and seems to have been an influence on the 10th-century Life of Gregentios.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
While in Jerusalem, he was ordained a deacon by Patriarch Makarios II (c. 563 – c. 575).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He returned to Agrigento via Constantinople and Rome.Шаблон:Sfn In 590,Шаблон:Efn two factions with their respective candidates for the vacant see of Agrigento traveled to Rome to seek the pope's decision. Pope Gregory bypassed both candidates and consecrated Gregory of Agrigento.Шаблон:Sfn He was found hiding in a monastic garden out of reticence for high office when Gregory chose him.Шаблон:Sfn
The biography attributes to Gregory an education in classics, rhetoric and theology.Шаблон:Sfn He is said to have read the Life of Basil of Caesarea many times and the Passion of the Holy Maccabees. At the request of a bishop, he interpreted the writings of Gregory of Nazianzus for a group of deacons. The biographer praises him as a second Chrysostom.Шаблон:Sfn By a miracle, he was able to fast constantly. He is also credited with performing healing miracles.Шаблон:Sfn
By 591, Gregory had been falsely accused of wrongdoing and was imprisoned.Шаблон:Sfn According to the biography, the accusers were a certain Sabinus and Crescentius.Шаблон:Sfn A papal letter of August 591 ordered him to appear along with the bishops of Catania and Palermo before the sub-deacon Peter, a papal agent. In November 592, the pope wrote to Bishop Maximian of Syracuse demanding that he send Gregory's accusers and some documentation to Rome without delay. In this letter, the pope refers to a letter he addressed to Gregory that has not survived.Шаблон:Sfn Some sources have him as deposed from his see by 594,Шаблон:Sfn but the pope in a letter names Gregory as still bishop in January 603.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn According to some sources, he died in 630.Шаблон:Sfn
Hagiography
A life of Gregory was written by LeontiosШаблон:Efn of the monastery of San Saba in Rome.Шаблон:Sfn Its full title is An Account of the Life of Saint Gregory, Bishop of the Church of Agrigento.Шаблон:Efn It is a lengthy work in Greek.Шаблон:Sfn It was translated into Latin in the 18th century by Stefano Antonio Morcelli.Шаблон:Sfn Its two most recent editors disagree regarding the date of its composition and its relative historicity.Шаблон:Sfn Albrecht Berger assigns it to the period between 750 and 828 on the grounds that it relies on the Donation of Constantine (unknown before the mid-8th century).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He rejects an early date on the grounds that there is no evidence for Greek-speaking monasteries in Rome before 649.Шаблон:Sfn John Martyn, arguing from correspondences between the biography and the papal letters, assigns it an early date of around 640.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Leontios is by some said to have died in 688, providing a terminus ante quem if he is the author.Шаблон:Sfn
The editors' assessments of Gregory's biography's historical value also differ. For Berger, "though it has a historical core, [it] is in large parts legendary."Шаблон:Sfn He does not think that the historical person at the core was the bishop.Шаблон:Sfn For Martyn, it is "an important, contemporary document on the cities, clergy and people of Agrigento, Jerusalem, Antioch, Constantinople and Rome during" the papacy of Gregory I and one of very few 7th-century sources on Sicily.Шаблон:Sfn There are contradictions in the biography and in the account in the Synaxarion of Constantinople.Шаблон:Efn The latter has him alive during the patriarchate of Makarios II and the reign of the Emperor Justinian II (685–711) over a century later.Шаблон:Sfn The biography depicts him as a contemporary of the monothelite controversy, which began in 629. When he is arrested in Agrigento, the Emperor Justinian intervenes with the pope to secure his release. The biography depicts the Sicilian episcopate as supporting Gregory against the papacy and in general has an anti-papal tone.Шаблон:Sfn Morcelli, in his Latin edition, argued that the anti-papal tone stemmed from some pamphlets directed against Gregory I that circulated in Rome after his death. To Morcelli, it was evidence of the early date of the biography.Шаблон:Sfn
The biography of Gregory survives in twenty manuscripts.Шаблон:Sfn Besides the original work of Leontios (BHG 707), there is also a biography (BHG 708) by Niketas David Paphlagon (fl. c. 900). This was the text used by the compiler Simeon Metaphrastes in the 10th century.Шаблон:Sfn It was one of only 14 texts out of 148 that Simeon left intact and did not rework,Шаблон:Sfn and one of only seven that he promised the reader would give them pleasure to read.Шаблон:Sfn There are also two shorter reworkings of Leontios' biography, one (BHG 707p) attributed to Mark, hegoumenos of San Saba, and another (BHG 708f) anonymous.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Gregory's feast is celebrated on 23 or 24 November in the Eastern Orthodox Church.Шаблон:Sfn It is on 24 November in the work of Simeon Metaphrastes.Шаблон:Sfn It was introduced to the Roman Martyrology by Cardinal Caesar Baronius on 23 November.Шаблон:Sfn The popularity of Gregory's cult can be gauged by the large number of surviving iconographic representations of him.Шаблон:Sfn
Commentary on Ecclesiastes
The hagiography supplies a list of works by Gregory, one of which was dedicated to Saint Andrew, described as "chief" (koryphaios) of the apostles.Шаблон:Sfn A Greek commentary on EcclesiastesШаблон:Efn is traditionally attributed to the bishop of Agrigento.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This attribution is rejected by some, who think the exegete must have been writing in the time of Justinian II.Шаблон:Sfn Since the earliest manuscripts of the commentary date from the 8th or 9th centuries, the commentator can only securely be placed in the 7th century. The result of this theory is the existence of two distinct Gregories of Agrigentum, the bishop (fl. c. 600) and the exegete (fl. c. 700).Шаблон:Sfn
The commentary attributed to Gregory is considered one of the best on Ecclesiastes from antiquity.Шаблон:Sfn
Notes
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:ODB
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
Further reading
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- People from Agrigento
- 559 births
- 630 deaths
- 6th-century Italian bishops
- 7th-century Italian bishops
- 7th-century Christian saints
- Medieval Italian saints
- Religious leaders from the Province of Agrigento
- Sicilian saints
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- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
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