Английская Википедия:Grosso mogul

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Файл:Vivaldi.jpg

18th-century portrait of a Venetian violinist, presumably Antonio Vivaldi

Grosso mogul, also Il grosso mogul, or capitalised [Il] Grosso Mogul ([The] Great Moghul), RV 208, is a violin concerto in D major by Antonio Vivaldi.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The concerto, in three movements, is an early work by the Venetian composer.Шаблон:Sfn Around the mid-1710s Johann Sebastian Bach transcribed the concerto for organ, BWV 594, in C major.Шаблон:Sfn A simplified version of the violin concerto, RV 208a, without the elaborated cadenzas that appear in manuscript versions of RV 208, and with a different middle movement, was published around 1720 in Amsterdam as concerto #11 of Vivaldi's Op. 7.Шаблон:Sfn

History

Vivaldi's violin concerto in D major, RV 208, survives in three manuscripts:Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

• Vivaldi's autograph score, conserved in Turin.
• A copy of the parts, conserved in the Landesbibliothek Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Günther Uecker in Schwerin.Шаблон:Sfn
• Another copy of the parts conserved in Cividale del Friuli.Шаблон:Sfn

The Grosso Mogul title appears on the Schwerin manuscript, which was written before 1717.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn According to Michael Talbot, the name of the concerto can possibly be linked to Domenico Lalli's Il gran Mogol opera libretto, a setting of which had been presented in Naples in 1713.Шаблон:Sfn Later settings of this libretto include Giovanni Porta's, staged in Venice in 1717, and Vivaldi's RV 697 (1730).Шаблон:Sfn

The Schwerin and Cividale del Friuli copies of the concerto contain two variants of extended cadenzas for unaccompanied violin, in the first and last movements of the concerto.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The autograph version indicates where such cadenzas can be inserted in these movements, but does not contain the cadenzas.Шаблон:Sfn A manuscript with the written-out cadenzas must have been circulating before Шаблон:Circa when Bach transcribed such versions for solo organ (BWV 594).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

An earlier version of the concerto, RV 208a, was probably composed by Шаблон:Circa.Шаблон:Sfn This version has a different middle movement than the RV 208 version.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Vivaldi seems to have had no supervision over the Op. 7 collection, published around 1720 in Amsterdam by the Roger firm, in which the older RV 208a version of the concerto was retained.Шаблон:Sfn This version of the concerto does not contain the extended cadenzas, nor an indication where such cadenzas could be inserted.Шаблон:Sfn

Movements

The concerto has been transmitted in a version for violin soloist, strings (two violin parts and one viola part), and basso continuo. It has three movements:

1. Allegro, Шаблон:Music, D major
2. Recitative: Grave, Шаблон:Music, B minor – this movement is performed by the violin soloist exclusively accompanied by the thoroughbass.
3. Allegro, Шаблон:Music, D major

First movement

Шаблон:Incomplete section The first movement, in D Major is in Ritornello form. The first solo episode consists of sixteenth notes, with double stops on every beat. Шаблон:Cn

Second movement

The second movement, in B Minor is for the solo violin and basso continuo. There are strange rhythms, like improvisation.Шаблон:Empty section

Third movement

The third movement, in D Major, is in Ritornello form, and is the most virtuosic of the 3 movements.Шаблон:Empty section

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book

External links

• Шаблон:IMSLP
• Concerto III in C Major (BWV 594) for Flute & Strings Шаблон:Webarchive • Vivaldi Concerto for Violin in D RV208a: Scores at MuseScore website