Английская Википедия:Gruppenführer

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Gruppenführer (Шаблон:IPA-de, Шаблон:Literally) was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), first created in 1925 as a senior rank of the SA.Шаблон:Sfn Since then, the term Gruppenführer is also used for leaders of groups/teams of the police, fire departments, military and several other organizations.

History

In 1930, Gruppenführer became an SS rank and was originally bestowed upon those officers who commanded SS-Gruppen and also upon senior officers of the SS command staff. In 1932, the SS was reorganized and the SS-Gruppen were reformed into SS-Abschnitte. A Gruppenführer commanded an SS-Abschnitt while a new rank, that of Obergruppenführer, oversaw the SS-Oberabschnitte which were the largest SS units in Germany.Шаблон:Sfn

Initially in the SA, NSKK, and SS, the rank of Gruppenführer was considered equivalent to a full general, but became regarded as equivalent to Generalleutnant after 1934. During the Second World War, when the Waffen-SS began using the rank, an SS-Gruppenführer was considered equal to a Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht and was referred to as SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS. Waffen-SS Gruppenführer also displayed the shoulder boards of a Wehrmacht Generalleutnant.Шаблон:Sfn

The insignia for SS-Gruppenführer consisted of three oak leaves centred on both collars of an SS uniform. From 1930 to 1942, the SS insignia was the same as the SA badge of rank; however the SS modified the Gruppenführer insignia slightly to include a collar pip (stern, a star), upon the creation of the rank SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer in April 1942.Шаблон:Sfn

In the SA, a Gruppenführer was typically in charge of a number of regiments (known as Standarten) which were formed into SA-Gruppen.Шаблон:Sfn The rank of Gruppenführer was also used in several other Nazi paramilitary groups, among them the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) and the National Socialist Flyers Corps (NSFK). In October 1944, the rank of Gruppenführer was adopted by the Volkssturm as a low level non-commissioned officer position in charge of squad sized formations (Gruppe) of Volkssturm soldiers. The term is also a generic term for the function of a leader of a squad of infantry (9 or 10 men – Gruppe) in the German Army (Heer), Waffen-SS, or Luftwaffe ground troops.

• Hitler's Chief Adjutant Wilhelm Brückner as SA-Gruppenführer 1933–1934. Photo: NARA

  Hitler's Chief Adjutant Wilhelm Brückner as SA-Gruppenführer 1933–1934.
  Photo: NARA

• SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth wearing the post-April 1942 SS rank insignia.

  SS-Gruppenführer Heinz Reinefarth wearing the post-April 1942 SS rank insignia.

Insignia

• Gorget patch/collar tab (Sturmabteilung)

  Gorget patch/collar tab
  (Sturmabteilung)

• Gorget patch until April 1942 (Allgemeine SS and Waffen-SS)

  Gorget patch
  until April 1942
  (Allgemeine SS and Waffen-SS)

• Gorget patches 1942–1945 (Allgemeine SS and Waffen-SS)

  Gorget patches
  1942–1945
  (Allgemeine SS and Waffen-SS)

• Shoulder board (Waffen-SS)

  Shoulder board
  (Waffen-SS)

• NSFK Gorget patch

  NSFK Gorget patch

• NSKK Gorget patch

  NSKK Gorget patch

Junior Rank Brigadeführer

SS rank and SA rank Gruppenführer

Senior Rank Obergruppenführer

See also

• List of SS-Gruppenführer
• Comparative ranks of Nazi Germany
• Uniforms and insignia of the Sturmabteilung
• Uniforms and insignia of the Schutzstaffel
• Corps colours (Waffen-SS)
• Table of ranks and insignia of the Waffen-SS

References

Notes Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography Шаблон:Refbegin

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book