Английская Википедия:Guadalcanal naval order of battle
On 7 August 1942, US and Australian naval forces undertook the invasion of the Japanese-held islands of Guadalcanal and Tulagi in the lower Solomon Islands chain, the first Allied offensive in the Pacific Theatre. The landing of the US 1st Marine Division on the beaches of Savo Sound began the unexpectedly long and extremely arduous Guadalcanal Campaign, lasting officially until 9 February 1943.
The naval forces dedicated to Operation Watchtower were minuscule compared to those deployed for later Allied offensives such as the invasion of the Gilberts and the capture of Okinawa. This is owing to the commitment the United States had made to Great Britain to undertake the invasion of North Africa in the fall of 1942, a commitment which essentially left the Guadalcanal operation with the naval leftovers. For this reason, American sailors and Marines referred to the invasion as "Operation Shoestring".[1]
Шаблон:Flagdeco US Navy combat ships:
3 fleet carriers, 1 fast battleship, 9 heavy cruisers, 2 anti-aircraft light cruisers, 31 destroyers
Шаблон:Flagdeco Amphibious assault vessels:
13 transports, 6 attack cargo ships, 4 destroyer transports
Шаблон:Flagdeco Auxiliaries:
5 fast minesweepers, 5 oilers
Шаблон:Flagdeco Australian Navy combat ships:
2 heavy cruisers, 1 light cruiser
Command structure
Шаблон:Multiple image Шаблон:Multiple image
Theater command
The roles of Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPOA) and Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CINCPAC), were both exercised by Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from his headquarters at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Since the Solomons lie in the Southern Pacific, the landings of 7 August 1942 on Guadalcanal were the responsibility of the South Pacific Fleet, led by Vice Admiral Robert L. Ghormley from his headquarters at Noumea, New Caledonia.[2] Adm. Ghormley's pessimism, inadequate staff work and unwillingness to visit the front led Adm. Nimitz to replace him with the much more aggressive and hands-on Vice Admiral William F. Halsey on 18 October 1942.[3]
Operational command
Operational command of the invasion was assigned to Vice Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher, who also had direct command of the covering force, designated Task Force 61, where he flew his flag aboard fleet carrier Saratoga. This embodiment of two levels of command in a single officer enabled a decision-making process that left the Marine forces on Guadalcanal essentially stranded and short-supplied. The amphibious forces, Task Force 62, were led by Rear Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner aboard transport McCawley.
Bitter disputes between the two men arose during both the planning and execution of the invasion over how long Fletcher's aircraft carriers would stay in the vicinity of Guadalcanal to provide air cover for the Marines ashore. Fletcher decided the matter after multiple assaults on the Allied amphibious task force by bombers from the Japanese base at Rabaul on D-Day and D+1. These attacks convinced Fletcher that his crucial aircraft carriers could not be risked in the waters of the Solomons any longer and he ordered his carriers along with Turner's still-half-full cargo ships out of the area on the night of 8 August. This decision resulted in much hard feeling among the Marines ashore, who felt that the Navy had abandoned them.
Forces afloat
Expeditionary Force (Task Force 61)
Vice Admiral Frank Jack Fletcher
Air Support Force (Task Group 61.1)
Rear Admiral Leigh Noyes
- Task Unit under Vice Admiral Fletcher
- Vice Admiral Fletcher
- 1 fleet carrier
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. DeWitt C. Ramsey)
- Air Group (Cmdr. Harry D. Felt)
- VF-5: 34 F4F Wildcat fighters (Lt. Cmdr. Leroy C. Sampler)
- VB-3: 18 SBD Dauntless dive bombers (Lt. Cmdr. Dewitt W. Shumway)
- VS-3: 18 SBD Dauntless scout bombers (Lt. Cmdr. Louis J. Kirn)
- VT-8: 16 TBF Avenger torpedo bombers (Lt. Harold H. Larsen)
- Air Group (Cmdr. Harry D. Felt)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. DeWitt C. Ramsey)
- 2 New Orleans-class heavy cruisers
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. Frank J. Lowry)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. Walter S. DeLany)
- Screen (Capt. Samuel B. Brewer)
- 1 Porter-class destroyer (8 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 4 Farragut-class destroyers (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 fleet carrier
- Task Unit from old Task Force 16
- Rear Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid
- 1 fleet carrier
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. Arthur C. Davis)
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. Maxwell F. Leslie)
- VF-6: 36 F4F Wildcat fighters (Lt. Louis H. Bauer)
- VB-6: 18 SBD Dauntless dive bombers (Lt. Ray Davis)
- VS-5: 18 SBD Dauntless scout bombers (Lt. Turner F. Caldwell, Jr.)
- VT-3: 14 TBF Avenger torpedo bombers (Lt. Cmdr. Charles M. Jett)
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. Maxwell F. Leslie)
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. Arthur C. Davis)
- 1 North Carolina-class fast battleship
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. George H. Fort)
- 1 Portland-class heavy cruiser
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. Laurance T. DuBose)
- 1 Atlanta-class anti-aircraft light cruiserШаблон:Efn
- Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. Samuel P. Jenkins)
- Screen (Capt. Edward P. Sauer)
- 2 Gleaves-class destroyers (5 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color), Шаблон:USS
- 1 Gridley-class destroyer (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 Benham-class destroyer (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color)
- 1 Porter-class destroyer (8 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 1 fleet carrier
- Task Unit under Rear Admiral Noyes
- Rear Admiral Noyes
- 1 fleet carrier
- Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. Forrest P. Sherman)
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. Wallace M. Beakley)
- VF-71: 29 F4F Wildcat fighters (Lt. Cmdr. Courtney Shands)
- VS-71: 15 SBD Dauntless scout bombers (Lt. Cmdr. John Eldridge, Jr.Шаблон:Efn)
- VS-72: 15 SBD Dauntless scout bombers (Lt. Cmdr. Ernest M. Snowden)
- VT-7: 9 TBF Avenger torpedo bombers (Lt. Henry A. Romberg)
- Air Group (Lt. Cmdr. Wallace M. Beakley)
- Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. Forrest P. Sherman)
- 1 New Orleans-class heavy cruiser
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. Charles H. McMorris)
- 1 Pensacola-class heavy cruiser
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. Ernest G. Small)
- Screen (Capt. Robert G. Tobin)
- 2 Benson-class destroyers (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color), Шаблон:USS
- 1 Gleaves-class destroyer (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color)
- 3 Benham-class destroyers (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 fleet carrier
- Fueling group
- 5 oilers
- Fueling group
South Pacific Amphibious Force (Task Force 62)
Rear Admiral Richmond Kelly Turner in transport McCawley
- Convoy (Task Group 62.1)
- Captain Lawrence F. Reifsnider in transport Шаблон:USS
- Embarking Файл:US 1st Marine Division SSI.svg 1st Marine Division (Maj. Gen. Alexander A. Vandegrift, USMC, Commander ground forces)
- Transport Group "X-Ray" – Guadalcanal Landings
- Captain Reifsnider
- Transport Division A (Capt. Paul S. Theiss)
- Embarking 5th Marines less 2nd Battalion (Col. LeRoy P. Hunt, USMC)
- Transport Division B (Capt. Charlie P. McFeaters)
- Embarking Division HQ and 1st Marines (Col. Clifton B. Cates, USMC)
- 3 transports: Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color), Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color)
- 1 attack cargo ship: Шаблон:USS
- Transport Division C (Capt. Reifsnider)
- Embarking part of Support Group, Special Weapons Battalion, 5th Battalion / 11th Marines, part of 3rd Defense Battalion
- 1 transport: Шаблон:USS
- 3 attack cargo ships: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Transport Division D (Capt. Ingolf N. Kiland)
- Embarking 2nd Marines less 1st Battalion (Col. John M. Arthur, USMC)
- 3 transports: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 1 attack cargo ship: Шаблон:USS
- Transport Group "Yoke" – Tulagi Landings
- Captain George B. Ashe
- Transport Division E (Capt. Ashe)
- Embarking 2nd Battalion / 5th Marines, 1st Battalion / 2nd Marines, 1st Parachute Battalion, Co. E / 1st Raider Battalion (Brig. Gen. William H. Rupertus, USMC)
- 4 transports: Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- Transport Division 12 (Capt. Hugh W. Hadley)Шаблон:Efn
- Embarking 1st Raider Battalion less Co. E (Lt. Col. Merritt A. Edson, USMC)
- Escort (Task Group 62.2)
- Rear Admiral Victor A.C. Crutchley, RN
- 3 heavy cruisers
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Шаблон:HMAS (Capt. H.B. Farncomb, RAN)
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Шаблон:HMAS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. F.E. Getting, RAN)Шаблон:Efn
- Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. Howard D. Bode)Шаблон:Efn
- 1 light cruiser
- Шаблон:Flagdeco Шаблон:HMAS (Capt. H.A. Showers, RAN)
- Screen (Capt. Cornelius W. Flynn)
- 1 Porter-class (8 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS
- 8 Bagley-class (4 × 5-in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color), Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color), Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color)Шаблон:Efn
- 3 heavy cruisers
- Fire Support Group L (Task Group 62.3)
- Captain Frederick L. RiefkohlШаблон:Efn
- 3 heavy cruisers
- 2 New Orleans-class: Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. Riefkohl), Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. Samuel N. Moore)Шаблон:Efn
- 1 Astoria-class: Шаблон:USS (Шаблон:Font color) (Capt. William G. Greenman)
- 4 destroyers
- 2 Benham-class (4 × 5 in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS
- 2 Farragut-class (4 × 5 in. main battery): Шаблон:USS, Шаблон:USS (Lt. Cmdr. Charles F. Chillingworth, Jr.)
- 3 heavy cruisers
- Fire Support Group M (Task Group 62.4)
- Rear Admiral Norman ScottШаблон:Efn
- 1 anti-aircraft light cruiser (Atlanta class)Шаблон:Efn
- Шаблон:USS (Capt. James E. Maher)
- 2 destroyers (both Gleaves-class (5 × 5-in. main battery, then 4 × 5-in.)
- 1 anti-aircraft light cruiser (Atlanta class)Шаблон:Efn
- Minesweeper Group (Task Group 62.5)
- 5 fast minesweepers (ex-Clemson-class destroyers)
Notes
References
Bibliography
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- Conflicts in 1942
- Pacific Ocean theatre of World War II
- Naval aviation operations and battles
- Guadalcanal Campaign
- Naval battles of World War II involving Australia
- Naval battles of World War II involving the United States
- August 1942 events
- World War II orders of battle
- United States Navy in World War II
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
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