Английская Википедия:Guanine tetrad
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Also Шаблон:Image frame In molecular biology, a guanine tetrad (also known as a G-tetrad or G-quartet) is a structure composed of four guanine bases in a square planar array.[1][2] They most prominently contribute to the structure of G-quadruplexes, where their hydrogen bonding stabilizes the structure.[3][4] Usually, there are at least two guanine tetrads in a G-quadruplex, and they often feature Hoogsteen-style hydrogen bonding.[1]
Guanine tetrads are formed by sequences rich in guanine, such as GGGGC.[5] They may also play a role in the dimerization of non-endogenous RNAs to facilitate the replication of some viruses.[5] Guanine tetrads dimerize through their 5' ends since it is more energetically favorable.[6]
They can be stabilized by central cations, such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, or cesium.[7][8] However, they still form a variety of different structures.[1] Guanine tetrads are not always stable, but the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA can assist in stability of the guanine tetrads themselves.[1] Guanine tetrads are more stable when stacked, as intermolecular forces between each layers help stabilize them.[9]
Guanine tetrads can also influence recombination, replication, and transcription.[1][2] For instance, guanine tetrads are found in the promoter region of the Myc family of oncogenes.[10] They also function in immunoglobulin class switching and may play a role in the genome of HIV.[11] Guanine tetrads appear frequently in the telomeric regions of DNA.[3]
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- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMolecular dynamics simulationsне указан текст - ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокMyoD binds to the guanine tetradне указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокTelomeric DNA dimerizesне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокAre Guanine Tetrads Stabilizedне указан текст - ↑ 5,0 5,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокGuanine tetrad and palindromicне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокWhy do G-quadruplexes dimerizeне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокGuanine tetrads: an IRMPD spectroscopyне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокTheoretical study of incorporatingне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокGuanine Base Stackingне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокSmall-molecule interactionне указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокThe High-Resolution Crystalне указан текст
