Английская Википедия:Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Viscount Boyne

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Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Viscount Boyne PC (Ire) (1642–1723) was an Irish soldier and politician. In his youth, he fought in his cousin Sir George Hamilton's regiment for the French in the Franco-Dutch War. About 1678 he obtained a commission in the Irish Army. James II appointed him to the Irish Privy Council in 1685.

During the Williamite War Hamilton fought for the Prince of Orange defending Coleraine in 1689, fighting at the Boyne in 1690, fording the Shannon at the Siege of Athlone in June 1691, and fighting at Aughrim in July. George I ennobled him in 1715.

Birth and origins

Gustavus was born in 1642,Шаблон:Efn probably at Manorhamilton Castle, County Leitrim, Ireland, built by his father. He was the third son of Frederick Hamilton and Sidney Vaughan.Шаблон:R His father was the fifth and youngest son of Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley, Scotland, and brother of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn.

Gustavus's mother was the only child and heiress of Sir John Vaughan, who had been governor of Derry.Шаблон:R Her family was of Welsh origin.

Gustavus was named for the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus for whom his father had fought during the Thirty Years' War in Germany.Шаблон:R Gustavus had two brothers and one sister, who are listed in his father's article.

Early life and Franco-Dutch War

Hamilton's father died in 1647 in ScotlandШаблон:R when Hamilton was about five years old. Hamilton immatriculated at Trinity College Dublin in 1661Шаблон:R but seems to have abandoned his studies without obtaining a degree. In 1672 he went to France and became a captain in the regiment of Sir George Hamilton, his cousin once removed, the son of Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Donalong, his first cousin (see family tree). The regiment fought for Louis XIV against the Holy Roman Empire in the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) on the upper Rhine in the battles of Sinsheim and Entzheim in 1674, as well as the battles of Turckheim, Sasbach, and Altenheim in 1675. When Sir George was killed in action at the Col de Saverne in 1676, Hamilton left and returned to Ireland.Шаблон:R

Marriage and children

Hamilton married before 1686.Шаблон:Efn His bride was Elizabeth Brooke, second daughter of Sir Henry Brooke,Шаблон:R but eldest daughter by his second wife, Anne St George. Brooke was knight of Brookeborough, County Fermanagh, and governor of Donegal Castle but had died in 1671.Шаблон:R

Шаблон:Anchor Gustavus and Elizabeth had three sons:

1. Frederick (died 1715), married in 1707;Шаблон:R predeceased his father, but his son became the 2nd Viscount.Шаблон:R
2. Gustavus of Red Wood, King's County (died 1734), MP for County DonegalШаблон:R
3. Henry (1692–1743), MP for County DonegalШаблон:R

—and a daughter:

1. Elizabeth, married Charles LambartШаблон:R

Pre-war in Ireland

In 1677 Hamilton accompanied James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond, to Oxford where he was awarded the degree of a Doctor of Civil Law by the University of Oxford.Шаблон:R By 1678 he was a captain in the Irish Army.Шаблон:R

Hamilton was appointed to the Privy Council of Ireland on the accession of King James II of England in 1685.Шаблон:R

In 1688 Hamilton was a major in William Stewart, 1st Viscount Mountjoy's regiment in Derry. On 23 November Tyrconnell ordered Mountjoy to march to Dublin for embarking to England.Шаблон:R Mountjoy appointed Robert Lundy governor of the town.Шаблон:R

Williamite War

At the Glorious Revolution, Hamilton declared for William of Orange.

In 1689 when Richard Hamilton attacked the Protestants in the north of Ireland, Hamilton organised the defence of Coleraine,Шаблон:R which Richard Hamilton reached on 27 March,Шаблон:R and resisted five weeks before retreating to Derry.Шаблон:R

James called a parliament, known as the Patriot Parliament, which met on 7 May 1689.Шаблон:R Hamilton's was one of the 2,470 names on a bill of attainder passed by the parliament.Шаблон:R On 18 July the parliament was prorogued.Шаблон:R In August Schomberg landed at Bangor.Шаблон:R

painted portrait of Gustavus Hamilton as a young man showing a clean-shaven man wearing a long curly wig, clad in armour, standing in front of some drapery opening on a view on a distant landscape with a castle

Gustavus Hamilton as a young officer wearing armour

Hamilton commanded a regiment at the Battle of the Boyne on 1 July 1690, when his horse was shot under him and he was almost killed.Шаблон:R

In June 1691 he fought at the Siege of Athlone under Ginkel, and on 30 June Hamilton took part in the daring attack over a ford on the River Shannon that captured the town.Шаблон:R In this attack he commanded the cavalry together with General Thomas Tollemache, while the infantry was commanded by Mackay, Tettau, Monceau de la Melonière and the Prince of Hesse.Шаблон:R

In July he fought at the Battle of Aughrim. Ginkel organised his army into four divisions numbered from the north to the south and in two lines. Gustavus with his regiment was in the front line of the second division, i.e. a centre-right position.Шаблон:R

Vice-admiral of Ulster

In 1691 Hamilton was appointed Vice-Admiral of Ulster,Шаблон:R an honorary position, which he held until 1710 when he passed it on to his son Frederick. It reverted to him on Frederick's untimely death on 10 December 1715.Шаблон:R Hamilton, therefore, was Vice-Admiral of Ulster again from 1716 until his death in 1723.Шаблон:R

He was preceded in this office by a certain Gorges, who was appointed in 1666 and whose first name is not known.Шаблон:R He was succeeded by Henry Conyngham, who was Vice Admiral of Ulster from 1748 to 1779.Шаблон:R.

Irish MP

1. Hamilton was elected on 22 September 1692 as one of the two MPs for County Donegal in the 1st Irish Parliament of William III and Mary II (5 October 1692 to 26 June 1693). He gave Rosguill, County Donegal, as his residence.Шаблон:R
2. Hamilton was re-elected to his seat for County Donegal at the general election for the 2nd Irish Parliament of King William III (27 August 1695 to 14 June 1699).Шаблон:R
3. Hamilton was again re-elected for County Donegal at the general election for the 1st Irish Parliament of Queen Anne (21 September 1703 to 6 May 1713).Шаблон:R
4. Hamilton was elected to one of the two seats for Strabane at the 1713 general election for the 2nd Irish Parliament of Queen Anne (25 November 1713 to 1 August 1714).Шаблон:R

Later career

Hamilton was promoted brigadier general in 1696Шаблон:R and major general in 1704.Шаблон:R In 1706 he resigned from his regiment and was replaced by lieutenant-colonel John Newton. In May 1710, Queen Anne appointed him to the Privy Council of Ireland.Шаблон:R

He bought most of the manor of Stackallan in County Meath from the widow of John Osborne,Шаблон:R and about 1715 built Stackallan House (also spelled Stackallen) between Navan and Slane on the left bank of the Boyne just north of the N51.Шаблон:R

In 1714, at the accession of George I, Hamilton was retained on the new Irish privy council.Шаблон:R In 1715 he was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Hamilton of Stackallan, in the County of Meath by King George I.Шаблон:R On 20 August 1717, Hamilton was further honoured by the king, when he was created Viscount Boyne, in the Province of Leinster, also in the Irish Peerage.Шаблон:R In 1719 he participated in the Capture of Vigo.Шаблон:R

His wife died in 1721.Шаблон:R

Death, succession, and timeline

Lord Boyne died on 16 September 1723 Шаблон:R and was buried in the church of Stackallan.Шаблон:R His eldest son, Frederick, having predeceased him in 1715, Boyne was succeeded by his grandson Gustavus as the 2nd Viscount Boyne.Шаблон:R

Timeline
Age	Date	Event
0	1642	Born in IrelandШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1647	Father died.
Шаблон:Age	30 Jan 1649	King Charles I beheaded.Шаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	29 May 1660	Restoration of King Charles IIШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1661, 17 Apr	Entered Trinity College, DublinШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1672	Went to France and became a captain in George Hamilton's regimentШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1676	Returned to England or IrelandШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1677	Awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Law at the University of OxfordШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	6 Feb 1685	Accession of King James II, succeeding King Charles IIШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1685	Invested as Irish privy councillor by King James IIШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	8 Jan 1687	Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, appointed Lord Deputy of IrelandШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	13 Feb 1689	Accession of William III and Mary II, succeeding King James IIШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	12 Mar 1689	James II landed at Kinsale, IrelandШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1689	Defended Coleraine against Richard Hamilton.
Шаблон:Age	1689	Attainted by the Patriot ParliamentШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	13 Aug 1689	Schomberg landed near Bangor.Шаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1 Jul 1690	Fought at the Battle of the BoyneШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	30 Jun 1691	Waded with the Grenadiers through the river at the Siege of Athlone.Шаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	Feb 1692	Youngest son Henry born.Шаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	22 Sep 1692	Elected as MP for County DonegalШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	30 May 1696	Appointed brigadier-generalШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	8 Mar 1702	Accession of Anne, succeeding William IIIШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1 May 1706	Resigned the command of his regimentШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1 Sep 1707	Eldest son, Frederick, married Sophia Hamilton, sister of the Earl of Clanbrassil.Шаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	May 1710	Invested as Irish privy councillor by Queen AnneШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	25 Nov 1713	Elected as MP for StrabaneШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	1 Aug 1714	Accession of George I, succeeding AnneШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	20 Oct 1715	Created Baron Hamilton of StackallanШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	10 Dec 1715	Eldest son, Frederick, died.Шаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	20 Aug 1717	Created Viscount BoyneШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	28 Dec 1721	Wife, Elizabeth Brooke, died at StackallanШаблон:R
Шаблон:Age	16 Sep 1723	Died and was buried at StackallanШаблон:R

See also

• List of parliaments of Ireland

Notes and references

Sources

Subject matter monographs:

• Thomas Finlayson Henderson 1890 in Dictionary of National Biography
• Murtagh 2004 in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
• Murtagh 2009 in Dictionary of Irish Biography
• Alfred Webb 1878 in Compendium of Irish Biography
• James Wills 1841 in Lives of illustrious and distinguished Irishmen

• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book – Leinster (continued: Carlow, Kildare, Queen's County, King's County, Meath, Westmeath, Longford, Louth) & Munster
• Шаблон:Cite book (for Boyne)
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book – 1675 to 1676
• Шаблон:Cite book – Scotland and Ireland
• Шаблон:Cite book}
• Шаблон:Cite book – (Snippet view)
• Шаблон:Cite book – (for timeline)
• Шаблон:Cite book – Ab-Adam to Basing (for Family Tree)
• Шаблон:Cite book – Bass to Canning (for Boyne)
• Шаблон:Cite book – Canonteign to Cutts (for Conyngham)
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book – G to Z
• Шаблон:Cite book – Earls (for Clanbrassil)
• Шаблон:Cite book – Viscounts (for Boyne)
• Шаблон:Cite book – Viscounts, barons
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book – Abercorn to Balmerino
• Шаблон:Cite web
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book