Английская Википедия:Guy Aldonce de Durfort, 1st Duke of Quintin

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox noble

Guy Aldonce de Durfort, 1st Duke of Lorges, Marshal of France, (1630–1702) fought in the Franco-Dutch War mostly on the Rhine under his uncle Marshal Turenne, but in 1673 he was seconded to the Siege of Maastricht. Back on the Rhine, he fought at Entzheim in 1674, at Turckheim in January 1675, and at Sasbach in July 1675, where Turenne fell. He distinguished himself at the retreat from Sasbach and the ensuing Battle of Altenheim.

In the Nine Years' War he commanded the Rhine army and took the city and the castle of Heidelberg in 1693. He is often mentioned in Saint-Simon's Mémoires as he was the author's father-in-law. Created the 2st Duke of Quintin in 1691, he was known as the 1st Duke of Lorges.

Birth and origins

Guy Aldonce was born on 22 August 1630, at the Château de Duras,Шаблон:Sfn the fourth son of Guy Aldonce de Durfort (1605-1665) and Elisabeth de La Tour d'Auvergne. His father was marquis of Duras, comte de Rauzan and comte de Lorges, as well as maréchal de camp in the French army.Шаблон:Sfn The Durfort family held Duras since the 14th century. Guy's mother was a daughter of Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne and sister of the Marshal Turenne. Both his parents were Calvinists. Later in life, following the example of his uncle, he and his older brother converted to Catholicism[1]

Guy was the fourth son, but his twin brother, Armand, died as an infantШаблон:Sfn and he thereafter occupied the third position and was often counted as the third son. His father distributed his subsidiary titles as courtesy titles among his sons. Guy was thus, after the death of his twin brother, styled comte de Lorges and was called Lorges, sometimes spelt Lorge, notably by Saint-Simon. He was numbered "Guy Aldonce II de Durfort" in the Durfort family, whereas his father was numbered "Guy Aldonce I de Durfort".

Guy's eldest brother, Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras, also became a Marshal of France. Their uncle Turenne probably helped to further the careers of both brothers.

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Guy was one of 12 siblings:

Guy listed among his siblings
He appears below among his siblings as the fourth child:
  1. Jacques Henri (1625–1704), marquis de Duras;Шаблон:Sfn
  2. Frédérique Maurice (1626–1693), called Rauzan;Шаблон:Sfn
  3. Armand (1630–1631), twin brother of Guy Aldonce II, died of the pest in his infancy;Шаблон:Sfn
  4. Guy Aldonce (1630–1702);
  5. Louise-Madeleine, died young;Шаблон:Sfn
  6. Elisabeth (1632–1715), married on 3 June 1656 Frédéric-Charles de La Rochefoucauld, comte de Roye;Шаблон:Sfn
  7. Henriette (1633 – after 1667), married in 1653 Louis de Bourbon-Lavedan, marquis de Malauze;Шаблон:Sfn
  8. Charles Henri (1634–1661), comte de Montgommery;Шаблон:Sfn
  9. Louis (1641–1709), marquis de Blanquefort, who became Earl of Feversham;Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
  10. Charles-Louis (born in 1642), baron de Pujols, killed in Portugal;Шаблон:Sfn
  11. Godefroy (1644–1669), comte de Rozan, colonel of foot, fell at the Siege of Candia, Crete;Шаблон:Sfn
  12. Marie (1648–1689), dame de compagnie of Elisabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine, duchesse d'Orléans.Шаблон:Sfn
Файл:Duras château.JPG
The Château de Duras where he was born.

Franco-Dutch War

In the Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678) Lorges served mostly under Turenne in the French Rhine Army. However, in 1673 he was sent to Flanders with 7000Шаблон:Sfn of Turenne's men to take part in the Siege of Maastricht.Шаблон:Sfn He was assigned the north-eastern sector before Wijck, the part of Maastricht that lies on the right bank of the Maas. The town, under the command of Jacques de Fariaux, surrendered on 30 June 1673.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Blason Maison Durfort de Lorges.svg
Arms of the House of Durfort de Lorges

Back on the Rhine, Lorges probably participated in the devastation of the Palatinate by Turenne in 1674. On 4 October 1674 in the Battle of Entzheim, Lorges commanded the Brigade d'Humières and the Dragons de la Reine on the left wing.Шаблон:Sfn On 5 January 1675 he fought at the French victory of Turckheim where he commanded the right wing.Шаблон:Sfn When Turenne was killed at Sasbach on 27 July 1675,Шаблон:Sfn Lorges was lieutenant-general of the day, but marquis de Vaubrun was the most senior lieutenant-general. They agreed to alternate the command daily between them.Шаблон:Sfn The army retreated from Sasbach and fought the Battle of Altenheim, where Vaubrun, who commanded the rearguard, was killed on 1 August 1675. When Lorges arrived back in Alsace he was ordered to hand over the command of the Rhine army to his brother the Duke of Duras, who had come from the Franche-Comté for that purposeШаблон:Sfn while waiting for the arrival of Condé from Flanders whom Louis XIV had appointed as commander of the Rhine Army.Шаблон:Sfn On 26 January 1679 France made peace with the Holy Roman Empire in the Treaties of Nijmegen ending the Franco-Dutch War.Шаблон:Sfn

Marriage and children

On 19 March 1676 (date of the contract) Lorges married Geneviève de Frémont, daughter of the keeper of the King's jewels.Шаблон:Sfn Many of his friends considered that he had married socially beneath him, but the marriage was a happy one and even his son-in-law Saint-Simon, who disapproved of marriage between the classes, admitted that she was an admirable wife.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Blondel - Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges (1630-1702) - MV 1042.jpg
Lorges in a 19th-century painting

Шаблон:Anchor Guy Aldonce and Geneviève had one son and four daughters:

  1. Marie Gabrielle (1678–1743), married Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon;Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
  2. Geneviève (1680-1740), called "Mademoiselle de Quintin", who married Antoine Nompar de Caumont, duke of Lauzun;Шаблон:Sfn
  3. Guy Nicolas (1683–1758), succeeded him as duc de Lorges;Шаблон:Sfn
  4. Élisabeth Gabrielle (died 1727), abbess of Шаблон:Ill;Шаблон:Sfn and
  5. Claude Suzanne Thérèse (died 1745), abbess of Шаблон:Ill, Rouen.Шаблон:Sfn

Saint-Simon praised Lorges, his father-in-law, warmly in his Memoirs, describing him as highly principled, frank, upright, good-natured, sincere and the most truthful man alive.Шаблон:Sfn Lorges supplied his son-in-law with useful material for his memoirs, particularly on the early relations between Louis XIV and Madame de Maintenon.

Файл:Heidelberg Castle Powder Turret.jpg
The Powder Tower of Heidelberg Castle, blown up and split by Lorge's troops in 1693.

Nine Years' War

During the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), also called the War of the Grand Alliance, Lorges commanded the French army of the Rhine from 1690 to 1695. On 31 December 1688 in the Chapel of the Château de VersaillesШаблон:Sfn he was made a Knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit.Шаблон:Sfn

In 1691 Lorges was elevated by Louis XIV to duc de Quintin-Lorge.Шаблон:Sfn

On 27 September 1692, he surprised and routed 4,000 imperial cavalry under the command of Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental in their camp at Ötisheim and took Württemberg prisoner.Шаблон:Sfn

On 22 May 1693 Lorges took the city of Heidelberg,Шаблон:Sfn then the capital of the Electoral Palatinate. The castle capitulated the next day.Шаблон:Sfn Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine, was also Duke of Jülich and Berg and resided at Düsseldorf. Heidelberg been burned by René de Froulay de Tessé in 1689Шаблон:Sfn and the castle's Fat Tower had been blown up.Шаблон:Sfn Lorges now completed the destruction by burning the town and castle again. The commander des Bordes blew up many of the fortifications, notably the castle's Powder Tower, now known as the "Gesprengte Turm" (Blown-up Tower).Шаблон:Sfn

The campaign of 1694 was relatively uneventful for the Rhine Army. On 20 June 1695, Lorges fell illШаблон:Sfn and was temporarily replaced by Joyeuse as commander of the Rhine Army.Шаблон:Sfn Lorges's wife came from Paris and took him to Vichy so that he should take thermal baths there for his health.Шаблон:Sfn On 4 September Lorges returned to his post.Шаблон:Sfn In 1696 he was ill again and Marshal Choiseul was appointed in his place.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 October 1697 the Emperor signed the Peace of Ryswick ending the Nine Years' War.Шаблон:Sfn

Death and timeline

On 22 October 1702 he died in Paris of a botched kidney-stone surgery; Guy died in agonising pain, which he endured with great courage.Шаблон:Sfn He was succeeded by his son Шаблон:Ill, who would marry firstly Geneviève Chamillart (1685-1714) and then secondly in 1720 Marie Anne Antoinette de Mesmes (1696–1757), eldest daughter of Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, the premier président of the Parlement of Paris.

Timeline
Age Date Event
0 1630, 22 Aug Born at the Château de Duras.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1665, 8 Jan Father died.Шаблон:Sfn
Шаблон:Age 1673, Jun Fought at the Siege of Maastricht[2]
Шаблон:Age 1675, 27 Jul Was there at Sasbach where Turenne was killed[3]
Шаблон:Age 1676, 19 Mar Married Geneviève Frémont d'Auneuil[4]
Шаблон:Age 1679, 26 Jan The Franco-Dutch War ended with the Treaties of Nijmegen.[5]
Шаблон:Age 1688, 31 Dec Made a knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit.[6][7]
Шаблон:Age 1691, 21 Mar Created Duke of Quintin-Lorge[8]
Шаблон:Age 1692, 27 Sep Took Frederick Charles of Württemberg-Winnental prisoner.[9]
Шаблон:Age 1693, 22 May Captured the city of Heidelberg.[10]
Шаблон:Age 1697, Oct The Peace of Ryswick ended the Nine Years' War.[11]
Шаблон:Age 1702, 22 Oct Died in Paris during a kidney-stone surgery[12]

Notes and references

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

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Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEQuincy1726a[httpsgallicabnffrark12148bpt6k123111hf367 350] не указан текст
  3. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEDaniell1907[httpsarchiveorgdetailscalendarstatepa00levagoogpagen327 273] не указан текст
  4. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEAnselme1730[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbub_gb_JmXRu8lbDrsCpagen759 740] не указан текст
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage156 156] не указан текст
  6. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen223 214] не указан текст
  7. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEAnselme1733[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoiregnalogiq09ansepagen234 225] не указан текст
  8. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1879a[httpsarchiveorgdetailsmemoiresdesaints01sainpage27 27, line 10] не указан текст
  9. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTEKugler1878[httpsarchiveorgdetailsallgemeinedeutsc08lilipage51 51] не указан текст
  10. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage236 236] не указан текст
  11. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTELynn1999[httpsarchiveorgdetailswarsoflouisxiv1600lynnpage262 262] не указан текст
  12. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок FOOTNOTESaint-Simon1967[httpsarchiveorgdetailshistoricalmemoir0001sainpage201 201] не указан текст
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