Английская Википедия:HESA Karrar
Шаблон:Disputed Шаблон:Self-published Шаблон:Short description
The HESA Karrar (Шаблон:Lang-fa) is an Iranian jet-powered target drone manufactured by Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA) since 2010. The Karrar is a derivative of the American 1970s-era Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker target drone, probably incorporating elements from the South African Skua, with hardpoints added for munitions. The Karrar was developed during the Ahmadinejad presidency.[1]
As a target drone, the Karrar is used to train air-defense crews by simulating an aerial target. The Karrar is regularly spotted at Iranian air-defense drills, and is believed to be the replacement for Iran's aging American-built MQM-107 target drones.[2] Karrar jet unmanned-aerial-vehicles are recently equipped with Shahab-e-Saqeb (missile) and with the Majid heat-seeking 8 km range missile in order to hit air targets.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
Design
The Karrar has a small, clipped delta wing mounted low to a cylindrical, blunt-nosed fuselage. It has a dorsal air intake for the engine and twin arrowhead-shaped endplate tailfins mounted high on the fuselage.[9]
The Karrar uses a rocket assist system to take off and is recovered by parachute.[9] It is also claimed to be capable of air launch.[9] Iranian officials have said the aircraft has surveillance capabilities, but the Karrar has no visible EO/IR sensors.[9] The Karrar is believed to have an autopilot system with INS and/or GPS guidance, and may have terrain following capability as well.Шаблон:Cn The Karrar is capable of both high and low altitude flight,[10] and of day and night flight.[11] It can follow a pre-programmed flight path, which can also be updated in flight.[11]
The Karrar can carry one 500 lb Mk 82 general-purpose bomb, with claimed precision guidance, on its centerline hardpoint. Alternatively, it can carry two Nasr-1 anti-ship missiles,Шаблон:Efn two Kowsar anti-ship missiles, or two 250 pound Mk 81 general-purpose bombs on the underwing stations, or (since 2019) a Balaban satellite-guided glide bomb.[9][12][13] It is believed that carrying weapons substantially reduces the Karrar's operating range.[10]
Military experts quickly noted that Karrar bears an obvious resemblance to the US Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker target drone designed in the 1970s and exported to Iran before the Iranian revolution. According to a report from Denel Dynamics, however, the Karrar is not an exact clone of the MQM-107 Streaker as some design elements have been copied from the Denel Dynamics Skua as well.[14] Technical data on the Skua was reportedly sold by one of the Skua's export customers to Iran.[9] Overall, the Karrar is not an exact copy of the MQM-107, and multiple design changes have been made.[10]
Operational history
Development of the Karrar was underway as of 2002, possibly under the name "Hadaf-1".[15]Шаблон:Better source needed A subscale model of the Karrar was also seen around 2004. The Karrar is also known as the "Ababil Jet"; the Ababil is an unrelated UAV also offered by the same manufacturer, HESA.[11] Iran said the Karrar took "500,000 hours" to develop, but independent analysts say this is unlikely.[16]
The Karrar was unveiled on August 23, 2010, one day after the activation of a nuclear reactor in Bushehr, by Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. It was framed as a "long-range bomber drone,"[17] and is the first long-range UAV manufactured in Iran.[18]
Multiple sources report that the Karrar has been exported to Hezbollah.[19][20] The Karrar has supposedly been used in the Syrian Civil War.[21]
Defense Update suggests in particular that the Karrar could be useful for using cruise missiles to target ground-based radars and naval ships.[10] In 2018, Daily Beast reporter Adam Rawnsley said that the Karrar, despite Iranian claims, does not possess the capacity to deploy weapons and is merely a target drone.[1]
Today, Karrar is regularly used by Iran's air defense force for training.Шаблон:Cn Karrar target drones have been used to test Mersad SAM systems,[22] S-300PMU-2 SAM systems,[23] Sayyad-2 SAM systems,[24] Fakour-90 air-to-air missiles,[25] and Sayyad-3 SAM systems.[26]
Iran reportedly used the Karrar to deploy munitions for the first time in a 2020 exercise.[27]
Operators
Non-state user
Specifications
See also
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Aircontent
References
Шаблон:Reflist Шаблон:Notelist
Шаблон:Aircraft-stub Шаблон:Iran Military Шаблон:Iranian Aircraft Шаблон:Weapons of Iran
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Introduction of Shahab Saqeb defense missile + images fardanews.com, Retrieved 11 January 2021
- ↑ Shahab Saqeb defense missile (+ photo) asriran.com, Retrieved 11 January 2021
- ↑ Iran Successfully Tests New Homegrown Missile System in Drill tasnimnews.com, Retrieved 11 January 2021
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 9,4 9,5 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокiaiaне указан текст - ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Iran Unveils New Smart Bombs tasnimnews.com
- ↑ Iran holds unveiling event for precision guided bombs janes.com
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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