Английская Википедия:HMCS Mayflower
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Canadian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates
Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsHMCS Mayflower was a Шаблон:Sclass2 that served mainly in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War but began her service with the Royal Navy. She saw action primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic as an ocean escort. She was named after the flowering plant Maianthemum canadense.
Background
Шаблон:Main Flower-class corvettes like Mayflower serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.[1][2][3] The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.[4] During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design.[5] The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.[6]
Construction
Mayflower was ordered 20 January 1940 for the Royal Navy as part of the 1939-1940 Flower-class building program. She was laid down on 20 February 1940 by Canadian Vickers Ltd. at Montreal and was launched on 3 July 1940.[7] She was commissioned on 28 November 1940 and sailed to the United Kingdom in February 1941 for completion on the Tyne River in May.[8] On 15 May 1941 Mayflower was one of ten corvettes loaned to Canada. She could be told apart from other Canadian Flowers by her lack of minesweeping gear and the siting of the after gun tub amidships.[9]
During her career, Mayflower had three significant refits. The first took place at Charleston, South Carolina from 9 December 1941 until February 1942. Her second major refit took place from 29 October 1942 until 11 January 1943 at Pictou, Nova Scotia. MayflowerШаблон:'s final refit was done at Norfolk, Virginia from 29 November 1943 to 14 February 1944. During this refit, she had her fo'c'sle extended.[8]
War service
After workups, Mayflower had a brief period under Royal Navy command. She was assigned to escort group EG 4 before being transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy.[8]
After her transferral, Mayflower was assigned to Newfoundland Command in June 1941. With this force, she escorted convoys from St. John's to Iceland for the rest of the year with escort groups 19N and N16.[8] In her first month with the group, she was escorting convoy SC 44 when one of the other escorts, Шаблон:HMCS was torpedoed. Mayflower evacuated all non-essential personnel from the derelict ship except for the damage-control party.[10] On 2 October 1941, Mayflower picked up 35 survivors from the British tanker San Florentino that was torpedoed and sunk by the Шаблон:GS.[7]
After returning from refit in early 1942, she was deployed as an ocean escort under Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) command on convoys between St. John's and Derry. She continued performing this duty until April 1944. Mayflower was initially assigned to escort group A-3 in April 1942, but was transferred to C-3 in February 1943.[8]
In April 1944 she was assigned to Western Approaches Command to take part in Operation Neptune, the naval aspect of the invasion of Normandy. On 31 May 1944, she set out to escort the blockships from Oban, which would become part of the beachhead after D-day. After the invasion, Mayflower spent the rest of the war in the waters around the United Kingdom. She was returned to the Royal Navy 31 May 1945.
Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted
| Convoy | Escort Group | Dates | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| HX 136 | 30 June-13 July 1941[11] | Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| HX 143 | 8-17 Aug 1941[11] | Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| ON 8 | 21-25 Aug 1941[12] | Iceland to Newfoundland | |
| SC 44 | 14-22 Sept 1941[13] | Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| ON 19 | 27 Sept-6 Oct 1941[12] | Iceland to Newfoundland | |
| SC 49 | 13-22 Oct 1941[13] | Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| ON 29 | 28 Oct-11 Nov 1941[12] | Iceland to Newfoundland | |
| SC 55 | 19 Nov-1 Dec 1941[13] | Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| ON 42 | 7-14 Dec 1941[12] | Iceland to Newfoundland | |
| SC 71 | 22-25 Feb 1942[13] | Newfoundland to Iceland | |
| HX 177 | 1–8 March 1942[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 77 | 18–25 March 1942[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 184 | 12–20 April 1942[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 91 | 2–11 May 1942[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 190 | MOEF group A3 | 20–27 May 1942[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 102 | MOEF group A3 | 10–21 June 1942[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 196 | MOEF group A3 | 2–10 July 1942[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 114 | MOEF group A3 | 20–30 July 1942[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| SC 95 | MOEF group A3 | 8-18 Aug 1942[13] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 125 | MOEF group A3 | 29 Aug-7 Sept 1942[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| SC 100 | MOEF group A3 | 16-28 Sept 1942[13] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 135 | MOEF group A3 | 3-15 Oct 1942[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| Convoy SC 118 | WLEF | 27-31 Jan 1943[13] | Halifax to Newfoundland |
| HX 226 | MOEF group C3 | 14-17 Feb 1943[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 172 | MOEF group C3 | 10–21 March 1943[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| SC 124 | MOEF group C3 | 26 March-6 April 1943[13] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 180 | MOEF group C3 | 25 April-7 May 1943[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland |
| HX 238 | MOEF group C3 | 13–21 May 1943[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland |
| ON 187 | 2–10 June 1943[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 244 | 20–29 June 1943[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 192 | 10–18 July 1943[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| ONS 16 | 21-29 Aug 1943[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 255 | 8-15 Sept 1943[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ONS 19 | 27 Sept-9 Oct 1943[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| HX 261 | 17-25 Oct 1943[11] | Newfoundland to Northern Ireland | |
| ON 210 | 7-17 Nov 1943[12] | Northern Ireland to Newfoundland | |
| ONS 22 | WLEF | 22 Nov 1943[12] | Newfoundland to Halifax |
| ON 211 | WLEF | 26-29 Nov 1943[12] | Newfoundland to Halifax |
Post-war service
After her return to the Royal Navy, Mayflower was laid up at Grangemouth. She was sold for scrapping on 20 September 1949 and broken up at Inverkeithing.[8][14]
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 8,3 8,4 8,5 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 11,00 11,01 11,02 11,03 11,04 11,05 11,06 11,07 11,08 11,09 11,10 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 12,00 12,01 12,02 12,03 12,04 12,05 12,06 12,07 12,08 12,09 12,10 12,11 12,12 12,13 12,14 12,15 12,16 12,17 12,18 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 13,2 13,3 13,4 13,5 13,6 13,7 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Csr
