Английская Википедия:HMS Anson (1886)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HMS Anson was the last of six Шаблон:Sclass2 ironclad battleships built for the Royal Navy during the 1880s. The ship was completed, except for her armament, in 1887, but had to wait two years for her guns to be installed. She was assigned to the Channel Fleet in mid-1889 as a flagship for the fleet's second-in-command. Two years later, the passenger ship Шаблон:SS sank with the loss of 562 lives after colliding with Anson in the Bay of Gibraltar. In mid-1893, Anson was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, subsequently returning home in 1900 when she was assigned to the Reserve Fleet. She recommissioned for the Home Fleet in early 1901. Anson was paid off three years later and then sold for scrap in 1909.

Design and description

The Admiral class was built in response to French ironclad battleships of the Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Sclasses.[1] Anson and her sister ship, Шаблон:HMS, were enlarged and improved versions of the previous pair of Admirals, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS. The sisters had a length between perpendiculars of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert at deep load. They displaced Шаблон:Convert at normal load, some Шаблон:Convert heavier than Howe and Rodney and Шаблон:Convert heavier than the first ship of the class, Шаблон:HMS.[2] The ships had a complement of 525–536 officers and ratings.[3]

Propulsion

Anson was powered by two 3-cylinder inverted compound-expansion steam engines, each driving one propeller. The Humphreys engines produced a total of Шаблон:Convert at normal draught and Шаблон:Convert with forced draught, using steam provided by a dozen cylindrical boilers.[3] The sisters were designed to reach a speed of Шаблон:Convert at normal draught and Anson reached Шаблон:Convert on her sea trials using forced draught.[2] The ships carried a maximum of Шаблон:Convert of coal that gave Шаблон:Convert at a speed of Шаблон:Convert.[4]

Armament

Unlike Collingwood, the later four Admiral-class ships had a main armament of 30-calibre rifled breech-loading (BL) [[BL 13.5 inch naval gun Mk I – IV|Шаблон:Convert Mk II guns]], rather than the Шаблон:Convert guns in the earlier ship. The four guns were mounted in two twin-gun, pear-shaped barbettes, one forward and one aft of the superstructure. The barbettes were open, without hoods or gun shields, and the guns were fully exposed. The Шаблон:Convert shells fired by these guns were credited with the ability to penetrate Шаблон:Convert of wrought iron at Шаблон:Convert using a charge of Шаблон:Convert of smokeless brown cocoa (SBC).[5] At maximum elevation, the guns had a range of around Шаблон:Convert with SBC; later a charge of Шаблон:Convert of cordite was substituted for the SBC which extended the range to about Шаблон:Convert.[6] There were significant delays in the production of the heavy guns for this ship and her sisters, due to cracking in the innermost layer of the guns, that significantly delayed the delivery of these ships.[7]

The secondary armament of the Admirals consisted of six 26-calibre [[BL 6 inch Mk VII naval gun|BL Шаблон:Convert Mk IV guns]] on single mounts positioned on the upper deck amidships, three on each broadside. They fired Шаблон:Convert shells that were credited with the ability to penetrate Шаблон:Convert of wrought iron at 1000 yards.[5] They had a range of Шаблон:Convert at an elevation of +15° using prismatic black powder. Beginning around 1895 all of these guns were converted into quick-firing guns (QF) with a much faster rate of fire. Using cordite extended their range to Шаблон:Convert.[8] For defence against torpedo boats the ships carried a dozen [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|QF 6-pounder (Шаблон:Convert)]] Hotchkiss guns and 10 [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|QF 3-pounder (Шаблон:Convert)]] Hotchkiss guns.

They also mounted five Шаблон:Convert above-water torpedo tubes, one in the bow and four on the broadside.[2]

Armour

The armour scheme of Anson and Camperdown was virtually identical to that of Collingwood, although the thickness of the armour plate on the barbettes was increased as was the length of the waterline armour belt. To accommodate these changes without an increase in draught, these later two ships were lengthened by Шаблон:Convert, and had their beam increased by 6 inches over their earlier sisters. The compound armour belt extended across the middle of the ships between the rear of each barbette for a length of Шаблон:Convert. It had a total height of Шаблон:Convert deep of which Шаблон:Convert was below water and Шаблон:Convert above at normal load; at deep load, their draught increased by another 6 inches. The upper Шаблон:Convert of the belt armour was Шаблон:Convert thick and the plates tapered to Шаблон:Convert at the bottom edge. Lateral bulkheads at the ends of the belt connected it to the barbettes; they were Шаблон:Convert thick at main deck level and Шаблон:Convert below.[9]

The barbettes ranged in thickness from Шаблон:Convert with the main ammunition hoists protected by armoured tubes with walls 12 inches thick. The conning towers also had walls of that thickness as well as roofs Шаблон:Convert thick. The deck of the central armoured citadel had a thickness of Шаблон:Convert and the lower deck was Шаблон:Convert thick from the ends of the belt to the bow and stern.[9]

Construction and career

Файл:Sinking of SS Utopia 1891.jpg
The sinking of SS Utopia by a witness 1891
Файл:Wreck of the SS Utopia in Gibraltar Harbour.jpg
Wreck of Utopia in Gibraltar Harbour

Anson, named after Admiral and First Lord of the Admiralty, George Anson, 1st Baron Anson,[10] was the sixth ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy.[11] The ship was laid down at Pembroke Dockyard on 24 April 1883, launched on 17 February 1886 and was delivered at Portsmouth in March 1887, complete except for her main armament, at a cost of £662,582. She was finally commissioned on 28 May 1889 as the flagship of the second-in-command of the Channel Fleet.[12] On 17 March 1891, the passenger steamer Шаблон:SS was accidentally blown onto the ram of the anchored Anson during a strong gale in the Bay of Gibraltar. 562 of UtopiaШаблон:'s passengers and crew and two rescuers from the armoured cruiser Шаблон:HMS were killed in the accident. Anson did not report any injuries or damage.[13]

In September 1893, Anson was transferred to the Mediterranean, where she served until January 1900, with a refit at Malta in 1896. She returned home and paid off at Devonport in January 1901, re-commissioning for the newly formed Home Fleet in March of the same year. She served as guard ship at Queensferry under Captain William Fisher in 1902,[14] and took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII.[15] In May 1904, Anson finally paid off into reserve, where she remained until she was sold for scrap on 13 July 1909. The ship was sold for £21,200[16] and subsequently broken up at Upnor.[10]

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Admiral class battleship Шаблон:1891 shipwrecks

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  1. ↑ Parkes, p. 316
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 29
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Parkes, p. 317
  4. ↑ Winfield & Lyon, p. 259
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Parkes, pp. 316–17
  6. ↑ Campbell 1981, p. 96
  7. ↑ Parkes, p. 319
  8. ↑ Campbell 1983, pp. 171–72
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Parkes, pp. 303, 317–18
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Silverstone, p. 210
  11. ↑ Colledge, p. 15
  12. ↑ Parkes, pp. 317, 320
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  16. ↑ Parkes, p. 320
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