Английская Википедия:HMS Chaser (D32)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

HMS Chaser (D32/R306/A727) was an American-built Шаблон:Sclass that served with the Royal Navy during the Second World War.

Acquired by the United States Navy for conversion to a Шаблон:Sclass; she was transferred to the Royal Navy and commissioned as Chaser on 9 April 1943, under the Lend-Lease agreement. She spent most of her career escorting convoys in Arctic, she transferred to the British Pacific Fleet in March 1945.

Construction

Chaser was laid down on 28 June 1941, under a Maritime Commission contract, MC hull 162, by Ingalls Shipbuilding, in Pascagoula, Mississippi, as Mormacgulf. Her name was changed to Mormacdove on 5 December 1941.Шаблон:Sfn She was launched on 19 June 1942, sponsored by Mrs. Eugene T. Oates. After she was acquired by the US Navy, she was renamed Breton and designated AVG-10. On 20 August 1942, she was reclassified ACV-10. On 9 April, she was again reclassified, now CVE-10, and transferred to the Royal Navy under the Lend-Lease program and commissioned as HMS Chaser.Шаблон:Sfn

Design and description

There were eleven Attacker-class in service with the Royal Navy during the Second World War. They were built between 1941 and 1942, by Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation, Ingalls Shipbuilding, and Western Pipe & Steel shipyards in the United States.Шаблон:Sfn

The ship had complement of 646 men, who lived in crew accommodation that was significantly different from the arrangements that were normal for the Royal Navy at the time. The separate messes no longer had to prepare their own food, as everything was cooked in the galley and served cafeteria style in a central dining area. They were also equipped with a modern laundry and a barber shop. The traditional hammocks were replaced by three-tier bunk-beds, 18 to a cabin, which were hinged and could be tied up to provide extra space when not in use.Шаблон:Sfn

Chaser had an overall length of Шаблон:Cvt, a beam of Шаблон:Cvt and a draught of Шаблон:Cvt. She displaced Шаблон:Cvt at full load. Power was provided by two boilers feeding steam to a turbine driving one shaft, giving Шаблон:Cvt, which could propel the ship at Шаблон:Cvt.Шаблон:Sfn

She had the operating capacity for up to 24 aircraft, which could be a mixture of anti-submarine and fighter aircraft; the British Hawker Sea Hurricane and Supermarine Seafire naval fighters, Fairey Swordfish torpedo bomber or the American-supplied Grumman Martlet and Vought F4U Corsair fighters or Grumman Avenger torpedo bomber could be carried.Шаблон:Sfn The exact composition of the embarked squadrons depended upon the mission. Some squadrons were composite squadrons for convoy defence and would be equipped with both anti-submarine and fighter aircraft,Шаблон:Sfn while other squadrons working in a strike carrier role would only be equipped with fighter aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn Aircraft facilities were a small combined bridge–flight control on the starboard side and above the Шаблон:Cvt flight deck,Шаблон:Sfn two aircraft lifts Шаблон:Cvt, and nine arrestor wires. Aircraft could be housed in the Шаблон:Cvt hangar below the flight deck.Шаблон:Sfn When employed as an aircraft transport she could carry 90 aircraft.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:Twin 40mm bofors gun on escort carrier.jpg

A typical twin 40 mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun mounting on the Attacker-class.

The ships armament concentrated on anti-aircraft (AA) defence and consisted of eight [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Шаблон:Cvt Bofors guns]] in twin mounts and ten [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Шаблон:Cvt Oerlikon cannons]] in single and eight in twin mounts.Шаблон:Sfn In addition, she had two 4 inch (102 mm)/50 caliber Mk 9 guns.Шаблон:Sfn

Chaser was designed to accompany other ships forming the escort for convoys.Шаблон:Sfn The anti-submarine aircraft employed were initially the Fairey Swordfish and later the Grumman Avenger, which could be armed with torpedoes, depth charges, Шаблон:Cvt bombs or RP-3 rocket projectiles.Шаблон:Sfn As well as carrying out their own attacks on U-boats, these aircraft identified their locations for the convoy's escorts to mount an attack.Шаблон:Sfn Typically anti-submarine patrols would be flown between dawn and dusk. One aircraft would fly about Шаблон:Cvt ahead of the convoy, while another patrolled astern. Patrols would last between two and three hours, using both radar and visual observation in their search for U-boats.Шаблон:Sfn

Chaser also had a secondary role, providing oil and provisions for her accompanying destroyers. This could be a lengthy process and was done on the move. It took 40 minutes from firing a line across to the destroyer to start pumping oil, while it took another two hours to pump 98 tons of oil and a further 35 minutes to disconnect the hose pipe and secure the equipment.Шаблон:Sfn

Service history

After workup in the Chesapeake Bay area, Chaser embarked 845 Squadron, which had been formed in the US, on 23 June 1943, for passage across the Atlantic. She crossed the Atlantic in company with Convoy HX 245, arriving at the Clyde on 6 July 1943.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

On 7 July 1943, there was an explosion in ChaserШаблон:'s boiler room. She was repaired at Rosyth Dockyard. On 29 October, with her repairs completed, she returned to the Clyde, where she was allocated to the Western Approaches Command. She embarked 835 Squadron equipped with Fairey Swordfish and Sea Hurricanes for workup. On 29 November, Chaser returned to the Clyde for further defect rectification. These repairs would continue for the remainder of the year.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Upon the return to active duty she was attached to the Home Fleet for convoy duty on the Russian convoy route, embarking 816 Squadrons, equipped with Swordfish and Grumman Wildcats, and sailed for Scapa Flow.Шаблон:Sfn

Arctic duty

On 22 January 1944, Chaser joined Convoy JW 57, which had left Loch Ewe the previous day, for escort to the Kola Inlet. She was the first escort carrier assigned to provide protection for large convoys as they steamed to Russia.Шаблон:Sfn ChaserШаблон:'s Wildcats helped to drive off German aircraft shadowing the convoy, while her Swordfish made several unsuccessful attacks against German submarines.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 February, one of ChaserШаблон:' Swordfishes spotted the submarine Шаблон:GS on the surface and called up the destroyer Шаблон:HMS which sank the U-boat with depth charges.Шаблон:Sfn A second submarine Шаблон:GS was sunk by a shore based flying boat, while one escorting destroyer, Шаблон:HMS was sunk by a U-boat. None of the 43 merchant ships comprising the convoy was hit by the 14 U-boats deployed in two patrol lines against the convoy.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Chaser joined the return convoy, RA 57 of 33 merchant ships, on 2 March.Шаблон:Sfn On 4 March, one of ChaserШаблон:'s Swordfish caught Шаблон:GS on the surface. U-472 was unable to defend itself as its anti-aircraft guns were iced up, and the Swordfish attacked with bombs and rockets, damaging the submarine, and then called up the destroyer Шаблон:HMS which finished off the submarine with gunfire.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The next day, a Swordfish from Chaser attacked and sunk Шаблон:GS with rockets, at Шаблон:Coord in the Arctic, northwest of Hammerfest, Norway.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn On 6 March, radio signals from a submarine were detected by HF/DF and a Swordfish was sent to investigate. The Swordfish spotted the submarine and attacked with rockets, sinking Шаблон:GS at Шаблон:Coord in the Norwegian Sea, northwest of Narvik, Norway.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn One merchant ship was sunk.Шаблон:Sfn

After returning to Loch Ewe on 10 March, Chaser dragged her anchor and ran aground on 13 March, being towed off the next day. She had her hull repaired and was refitted at Rosyth and was then modified for service as a ferry carrier with the Pacific Fleet at Belfast.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Pacific duty

On 14 February 1945, Chaser left Britain on the first part of the journey to join the British Pacific Fleet, arriving in Sydney in May 1945,Шаблон:Sfn where she was attached to the 30th Aircraft Carrier Squadron.Шаблон:Sfn She was designated as a replenishment carrier, tasked with ferrying replacement aircraft to the forward areas where they could be transferred to the operational carriers.Шаблон:Sfn Chaser ferried aircraft to support British Pacific fleet operations during the invasion of Okinawa and operations off Japan in July–August 1945.Шаблон:Sfn Owing to a shortage to dedicated tankers, Chaser was also used to refuel other ships.Шаблон:Sfn

Following the Japanese surrender in August 1945, she transported Allied prisoners of war homeward.Шаблон:Sfn

Decommissioning

The escort carrier was returned to the United States Navy at Norfolk, Virginia on 12 May 1946,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and the ship was struck from the US Navy list on 3 August 1946.Шаблон:Sfn She was sold to the Waterman Steamship Co. on 20 December 1946 and later resold to the Netherlands.Шаблон:Sfn

Merchant service

She was renamed Aagtekerk in civilian service and was later renamed E Yung. The ship foundered on 4 December 1972, and was salvaged and then scrapped in Taiwan.Шаблон:Sfn

FAA squadrons

Fleet Air Arm Squadrons stationed on ChaserШаблон:Sfn

Squadron	Dates	Aircraft type
835	November 1943 – December 1943	Fairey Swordfish Mks.II/Hawker Sea Hurricane
816	April 1943 - September 1943	Fairey Swordfish Mks.II/Grumman Wildcat Mk.V
899	August 1943 - October 1943	Supermarine Seafire L.III

Bibliography

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• Шаблон:Cite web
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• Шаблон:Cite book