Английская Википедия:HMS Gabriel (1915)

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HMS Gabriel was a Шаблон:Sclass flotilla leader of the British Royal Navy, that took part in the First World War. The ship was built by Cammell Laird at Birkenhead, being launched on 23 December 1915 and entering service in July 1916. Gabriel served with the Grand Fleet, leading a destroyer flotilla and was later used as a minelayer. She survived the war, before being sold for scrap on in May 1921.

Construction and design

In November 1914, as part of the Emergency War Programme of shipbuilding, the British Admiralty ordered three Шаблон:Sclasss (i.e. large destroyers intended to lead flotillas of smaller destroyers in action) from the Birkenhead shipyard Cammell Laird.[1][2][lower-alpha 1] The first of these three ships, HMS Gabriel (originally to be named Abdiel[3]) was laid down on 12 January 1915 and was launched on 23 December 1915.[2] The construction of the three Marksman-class ships by Cammell Laird was problematical, with the ships suffering machinery problems and construction delays, with the Admiralty complaining to Lairds that "better workmanship and supervision" were needed for Ithurial and Gabriel, which were 8 months behind programme.[4] Gabriel was to continue to suffer from machinery problems throughout her career.[5] Gabriel was considered during construction for a conversion to a minelayer, but construction delays resulted in Шаблон:HMS, which was expected to complete earlier, being chosen instead.[6] Gabriel was commissioned on 1 July 1916.[2][7]

The Marksman-class ships were Шаблон:Convert long overall, Шаблон:Convert at the waterline and Шаблон:Convert between perpendiculars.[8] They had a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert.[3] The design displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.[3][lower-alpha 2] Gabriel was propelled by three sets of Parsons steam turbines, fed by four Yarrow three-drum boilers, rated at Шаблон:Convert, which gave a speed of Шаблон:Convert. Four funnels were fitted.[1][3] Up to 515 tons of oil fuel could be carried, giving a range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.[8] The ship's crew was 104 officers and men.[3]

Gabriel was armed with four [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV guns]] mounted on the ships centreline, with two 2-pounder (40-mm) "pom-pom" anti-aircraft guns and four 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes.[3]

Service

On commissioning, Gabriel joined the 13th Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet, serving as leader along with the cruiser Шаблон:HMS,[7][10] duties including acting as escort to the Battle Cruiser Force.[7] In July 1916, intelligence reports of a German Merchant raider attempting to break out into the North Sea and Atlantic, resulted in a large scale operation being launched to intercept the ship, involving 14 cruisers, 13 armed merchant cruisers and 18 destroyers. As part of these operations, Gabriel and sister ship Шаблон:HMS patrolled the Fair Isle channel between the Orkneys and Shetland Islands from 11 to 13 July. Nothing was found by these operations.[11][12]

On 18 March 1917, Gabriel attacked a German submarine with depth charges, without any apparent effect. She again depth charged a suspected German submarine on 30 April 1917.[7] In May 1917, the 13th Flotilla, including Gabriel moved to Rosyth.[7] In October 1917, Gabriel formed part of a large-scale operation, involving 30 cruisers and 54 destroyers deployed in eight groups across the North Sea in an attempt to stop a suspected sortie by German naval forces, with Gabriel (along with Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS) joining up with the 1st Light Cruiser Squadron on 17 October. Despite these countermeasures, the two German light cruisers Шаблон:SMS and Шаблон:SMS managed to evade the patrols and attacked the regular convoy between Norway and Britain on 17 October, sinking nine merchant ships and two destroyers, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS before returning safely to Germany.[13]

In mid-1918, Gabriel was converted to a minelayer, with the ability to carry 80 mines, with minesweeping paravanes fitted to provide some protection against mines when penetrating enemy minefields.[14][15] Gabriel re-entered service after conversion in July 1918 with the 20th Destroyer Flotilla,[16][17][lower-alpha 3] a specialist destroyer minelaying flotilla based at Immingham with the role of laying mines in the Heligoland Bight, blocking German swept channels through existing minefields.[19] Gabriel acted as leader for the "Slow Division", consisting of the older destroyers of the flotilla, while the newer faster vessels formed the "Fast Division", led by Abdiel.[17] Gabriel took part in the ship's first offensive minelaying sortie in enemy-controlled waters on 28 September, carrying out more offensive minelaying operations on 30 September and on 2 October.[20] In total, Gabriel had laid 850 mines by the end of the war in November 1918.[21]

Gabriel remained in the 20th Flotilla after the end of the war, deploying with the flotilla to the Baltic in July–August 1919 as part of the British intervention in the Russian Civil War, operating from Reval (now Tallinn) in Estonia and Libau (now Liepāja) in Latvia.[16] Duties including laying minefields to restrict the operations of the Soviet Baltic Fleet and to protect the anchorages used by the British.[22]

On 23 August 1919, Gabriel arrived at Queenstown in Ireland for laying up with defective boiler tubes,[16] being relieved in the 20th Flotilla by Шаблон:HMS.[23] While initially it was planned to repair the ship's boilers, by October it had been decided to spend no more money on Gabriel, which was laid up at Devonport.[16][24]

Disposal

Gabriel was sold to T. W. Ward for £2,756 on 9 May 1921 as part of a bulk sale of obsolete warships. She was handed over for scrapping at Ward's Lelant, Cornwall yard on 20 October 1922.[16][25]

Pennant numbers

Pennant number[26] From To
G21 July 1916 January 1917
F00 January 1917 June 1918
F91 September 1918 October 1919
F67 November 1919 -

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Marksman-class flotilla leaders

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Harvnb
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Шаблон:Harvnb.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Шаблон:Harvnb
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 Шаблон:Harvnb
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Harvnb
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 Шаблон:Harvnb
  17. ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite magazine
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb


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