Английская Википедия:HMS Gentian (1915)

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HMS Gentian was an Шаблон:Sclass sloop that was sent to assist the Baltic States and their fight for independence. While clearing mines on 15 or 16 July 1919, according to different sources,[lower-alpha 1] Gentian and the sloop Шаблон:HMS both hit mines and sank with the loss of nine sailors.

Design and construction

The Arabis class was a slightly enlarged and improved derivative of the previous Шаблон:Sclass and Шаблон:Sclass sloops.[3][lower-alpha 2] They were designed at the start of the First World War as relatively fast minesweepers that could also carry out various miscellaneous duties in support of the fleet such as acting as dispatch vessels or carrying out towing operations, but as the war continued and the threat from German submarines grew, became increasingly involved in anti-submarine duties.[4][5]

Gentian was Шаблон:Convert long overall and Шаблон:Convert between perpendiculars, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert.[6] Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal.[7] Two cylindrical boilers fed steam to a four-cylinder triple expansion steam engine rated at Шаблон:Convert, giving a speed of Шаблон:Convert.[7][8] The Arabis class had a main armament of two 4.7-inch (120 mm) guns or two 4-inch (102 mm) guns, with two 3-pounder (47 mm) anti-aircraft guns also carried.[7]

Gentian was one of the first nine Arabis-class ships, ordered on 6 July 1915.[9] She was built by the Greenock & Grangemouth Dockyard Company at their Greenock shipyard as Yard number 376,[10] was launched on 23 December 1915,[6] and was completed on 28 February 1916.[9]

Service

On commissioning, Gentian moved to Scapa Flow in Orkney, as one of the minesweepers attached to the Grand Fleet.[11][12] As such, GentianШаблон:'s duties were mainly confined to keeping the approaches to Scapa Flow used by the Grand Fleet clear of mines, with daily sweeping of the prescribed channels.[13] On 30 May 1916, Gentian was Шаблон:Convert east of the Pentland Skerries when she was missed by a torpedo,[14] which was probably launched by the German submarine Шаблон:SMU, waiting to attack ships of the Grand Fleet, which fired a torpedo against several sloops in this region on that day.[15] Destroyers and aircraft were ordered out from Scapa to hunt U-43, but although a submarine was sighted, U-43 escaped unharmed.[14] By July 1916, the Grand Fleet's minesweepers had been split into three flotillas, with Gentian joining the 2nd Fleetsweeping Flotilla.[16] Gentian was still part of the 2nd Minesweeper Flotilla attached to the Grand Fleet at the end of the war on 11 November 1918,[17] but by December that year had transferred to the 1st Minesweeping Flotilla, still supporting the Grand Fleet.[18]

Gentian was listed as still a member of the 1st Flotilla, but paid off, in March 1919,[19] and in May 1919, she was listed as in reserve at the Firth of Forth with a nucleus crew.[20]

Baltic operations

The British campaign in the Baltic was a part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. The codename of the Royal Navy campaign was "Operation Red Trek".[21] The intervention played a key role in enabling the establishment of the independent states of Estonia and Latvia[22] but failed to secure the control of Petrograd by White Russian forces, which was one of the main goals of the campaign.[23] The task force was vital in supplying the Baltic states as well as containing the Soviet Navies.

On 26 June 1919, the 1st Fleet Sweeping Flotilla arrived at Biorko to reinforce the British forces in the Baltic.[24] On 15 July,[lower-alpha 3] four sloops of the 1st Flotilla, Myrtle, Gentian, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, were employed sweeping mines east of Saaremaa. The sloops worked in pairs, towing a sweep between the two ships, which steamed about Шаблон:Cvt apart, with Myrtle working with Gentian. During the afternoon, Myrtle and Gentian were attempting to sink mines that had been brought to the surface by Lilac and LupinШаблон:'s sweep when Gentian struck an unswept mine. Myrtle went to GentianШаблон:'s assistance, but also stuck a mine, which broke off the fore part of the ship and killed six. Myrtle sank 90 minutes after striking the mine.[28][29] MyrtleШаблон:'s commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander Richard Scott, was awarded the Bronze Albert Medal for Lifesaving for his actions during the sinking, returning alone to the ship to search it for a missing man.[30] Gentian remained afloat, with the destroyer Шаблон:HMS and the Estonian tug Ebba arriving on 16 July to assist, but on the afternoon of 17 July, Gentian capsized and sank.[29]

Wreck

In July 2010 an Estonian Navy minesweeper located the wrecks of Gentian, Myrtle, and the light cruiser Шаблон:HMS.[31][32]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Cited sources

Шаблон:Arabis-class sloop Шаблон:1919 shipwrecks

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Шаблон:Harvnb
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Шаблон:Harvnb
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 Шаблон:Harvnb
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Harvnb
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Harvnb
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  29. ↑ 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Harvnb
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb


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