Английская Википедия:HMS Lookout (1914)

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HMS Lookout was a Шаблон:Sclass that served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. Laid down in 1912 as HMS Dragon, the ship was renamed in 1913 under an Admiralty order to become one of the first alphabetical class destroyers. Launched in 1914, Lookout joined the Harwich Force and participated in the Battle of Heligoland Bight, attacking the German light cruiser Шаблон:SMS with torpedoes, and the Battle of Dogger Bank. For much of the war, the ship acted as an escort for a wide range of ships, including the troopships carrying soldiers to serve in the Gallipoli campaign and the seaplane carriers Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS during an attack on the Zeppelin hangars at Zeebrugge. From 1917, the destroyer served as an escort to convoys of merchant ships. At the end of the war, the warship was placed in reserve. Although subsequently offered for sale to the Finnish Navy, Lookout was instead withdrawn from service and sold to be broken up in 1922.

Design and development

Шаблон:Main Lookout was one of twenty two L- or Шаблон:Sclasss built for the Royal Navy.Шаблон:Sfn The design followed the preceding Шаблон:Sclass but with improved seakeeping properties and armament, including twice the number of torpedo tubes.Шаблон:Sfn

The destroyer had a length overall of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert deep load. Power was provided by four Yarrow boilers feeding two Parsons steam turbines rated at Шаблон:Convert and driving two shafts, to give a design speed of Шаблон:Convert. Three funnels were fitted.Шаблон:Sfn The ship normally carried a maximum of Шаблон:Convert of oil, which gave a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert, but this could be increased to Шаблон:Convert in times of peace. The ship's complement was 74 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of three [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV]] guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft and one between the funnels.Шаблон:Sfn The guns could fire a shell weighing Шаблон:Convert at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn One single [[Maxim gun|Шаблон:Convert Maxim]] gun was carried.Шаблон:Sfn A single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|2-pounder Шаблон:Convert "pom-pom"]] anti-aircraft gun was later added.Шаблон:Sfn Torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts for [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert torpedoes]] mounted aft. Capacity to lay four Vickers Elia Mk.4 mines was included, but the facility was never used.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Dragon was ordered by the British Admiralty under the 1912–1913 Programme. The ship was laid down by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Woolston, Southampton on 29 August 1912.Шаблон:Sfn It was the fourteenth time that the name Dragon had been used by the Royal Navy, and the second destroyer that had received the name.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was renamed Lookout by Admiralty order on 30 September 1913, joining what was to be the first class that were all received names that started with the same letter of the alphabet. This was a convention that was subsequently used for destroyer classes until after the Second World War.Шаблон:Sfn It was the first time that the name had been used by the Royal Navy.Шаблон:Sfn

Lookout was launched on 27 April 1914 and completed in August.Шаблон:Sfn On commissioning, Lookout joined the Third Destroyer Flotilla as part of the Harwich Force.[1] Almost immediately, as Britain had entered the First World War on 4 August, on 28 August, the destroyer took part in the Battle of Heligoland Bight.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Lookout joined with the rest of the flotilla, led by the scout cruiser Шаблон:HMS, in attacking German torpedo boats until the light cruiser Шаблон:SMS appeared to rescue them.Шаблон:Sfn The cruiser was soon joined by two other light cruisers, Шаблон:SMS and Шаблон:SMS. Lookout led the flotilla to attack Strassburg and succeeded in driving the larger ship away.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer launched two torpedoes at the cruiser, but reported no hits.Шаблон:Sfn

On 24 January 1915, Lookout led the first division of the Third Destroyer Flotilla in the Battle of Dogger Bank.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer took little part in the action, with the four faster Шаблон:Sclass2s taking the lead.Шаблон:Sfn The warship was then refitted at Chatham Dockyard, but returned to service on 17 March.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer rejoined the Harwich Force, but this time as part of the Ninth Destroyer Flotilla, and spent the remainder of the year undertaking the varied tasks typical of a destroyer's service at the time.[2] For example, on 18 March, the destroyer joined the escort for the troopships taking the 29th Division to serve in the Gallipoli campaign.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 June, the ship was escorting a minesweeper force under the command of the light cruiser Шаблон:HMS when the force was spotted by Zeppelin LZ 24. The airship called out a seaplane, which dropped bombs on the warships without damage, the aircraft escaping before the ships' anti-aircraft guns could start firing.Шаблон:Sfn On 16 August, the destroyer formed part of the escort for the Second Light Cruiser Squadron, which was itself protecting the minelayer Шаблон:HMS on a mission to lay a minefield in the North Sea. The deployment led to the capture of two German trawlers that were observing the operation.Шаблон:Sfn Seven days later, the destroyer bombarded the U-boat sheds in Zeebrugge.Шаблон:Sfn

The following year was similarly full of diverse operations. On 20 March, Lookout was part of a flotilla supporting an attack from the air on the Zeppelin hangars in Zeebrugge from the seaplane carriers Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS.Шаблон:Sfn On the return journey, the flotilla was attacked by three German destroyers, but Lookout received no hits and all the ships returned to base without loss.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 April, the destroyer was part of the flotilla sent out to attack the German battlecruisers bombarding Lowestoft and Yarmouth.Шаблон:Sfn The flotilla attacked the German ships the next day; Lookout again took a peripheral role in the action and remaining unscathed.Шаблон:Sfn

To combat the increasingly successful German U-boats, the Royal Navy looked to introduce convoys of merchant ships protected by warships. After some initial success in the North Sea in March, April and May 1917, it was decided to extend the programme to the Atlantic Ocean.Шаблон:Sfn Lookout had by this time moved to the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla based at Devonport.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was allocated to escort the convoys to Sandown Bay, along with sister ships Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS. The first of these new convoys left on 24 May, and, of the 71 ships sailing over the next month, only one was torpedoed and none were sunk.Шаблон:Sfn The success of the trial led to the widespread use of convoys for the remainder of the war.Шаблон:Sfn Many convoys passed without incident. However, on 7 July, when returning from convoy duty, Lookout spotted the German submarine Шаблон:SMU and attacked with depth charges. No hits were recorded.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer remained with the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla at Devonport into the following year.[3]

After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the war, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and the amount of personnel needed to be reduced to save money.Шаблон:Sfn Lookout was initially placed in reserve at Portsmouth alongside fifty other destroyers.[4] The destroyer was subsequently offered for sale to the Finnish Navy but the purchase was halted by the provisions of the Washington Naval Treaty which denied the sale of superfluous warships by the signatories and instead required the excess destroyers scrapped.Шаблон:Sfn Lookout was retired and, on 24 August 1922, sold to Hayes of Porthcawl to be broken up.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number Date
H24 December 1914Шаблон:Sfn
H62 January 1918Шаблон:Sfn
G97 January 1919Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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Шаблон:L class destroyers (1913)

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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