Английская Википедия:HMS Lysander (1913)

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HMS Lysander was a Шаблон:Sclass destroyer that served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. Launched in August 1913 as HMS Ulysses, the ship was renamed the following month under an Admiralty order to become one of the first in what would be the norm, a class of destroyers named after successive letters of the alphabet. On commissioning, the vessel joined the Third Destroyer Flotilla and operated as part of the Harwich Force. The destroyer took part in the Battle of Heligoland Bight in 1914, attacking the German light cruiser Шаблон:SMS and escorted the seaplane carriers Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS in an abortive attempt to attack the Cuxhaven airship base. During 1915, Lysander undertook anti-submarine patrols and escorting duties, coming under fire from German short-based batteries while accompanying the mine-laying paddle-steamers Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship off the coast of Ostend. In 1916, the destroyer was involved in action with German battlecruisers following the bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft but escaped unharmed, and rescued the survivors from the Canadian hospital ship Шаблон:HMHS in 1918. With the cessation of hostilities, the ship was placed in reserve and sold to be broken up in June 1922.

Design and development

Шаблон:Main Lysander was one of twenty-two L- or Шаблон:Sclass destroyers built for the Royal Navy, and one of two ordered from Swan Hunter on 29 March 1912.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The design followed the preceding Шаблон:Sclass but with improved seakeeping properties and armament, including twice the number of torpedo tubes.Шаблон:Sfn

The destroyer had a length overall of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert deep load. Power was provided by four Yarrow boilers feeding two Parsons steam turbines which had a combined rating of Шаблон:Convert and drove two shafts.Шаблон:Sfn Design speed was Шаблон:Convert, although the vessel achieved Шаблон:Convert on trial. Three funnels were fitted.Шаблон:Sfn Шаблон:Convert of oil were carried, giving a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The ship's complement was 73 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of three single [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV]] guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft and one between the funnels.Шаблон:Sfn The guns could fire a shell weighing Шаблон:Convert at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn One single [[Maxim gun|Шаблон:Convert Maxim]] gun was carried.Шаблон:Sfn A single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|2-pounder Шаблон:Convert "pom-pom"]] anti-aircraft gun was later added.Шаблон:Sfn Torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts for [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert]] torpedoes mounted aft. Capacity to lay four Vickers Elia Mk.4 mines was included, but the facility was never used.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Built under the 1912–1913 Programme and originally named Ulysses, the ship was laid down by Swan Hunter at Wallsend on the River Tyne on 8 August 1912. The ship was launched on 18 August 1913 and completed on 9 December 1913, but in the interim had been renamed Lysander by Admiralty order on 30 September 1913.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This was the first time that the Navy had used the name Lysander in the century, recalling the Spartan military leader.Шаблон:Sfn Originally part of a class named after characters in Shakespeare's plays and the Waverley novels by Sir Walter Scott, the destroyer joined what was to be the first in a new way of naming classes of warships, with each class of destroyers named after a successive letter of the alphabet.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:L-class destroyers under fire from the 'Mainz' at the Battle of the Heligoland Bight, 28 August 1914 RMG PW1232.jpg
Lysander and the other destroyers of the Fourth Division under fire from Maintz during the Battle of Heligoland Bight

On commissioning, the newly renamed Lysander joined the Third Destroyer Flotilla as part of the Harwich Force.[1] After the British entry into the First World War on 4 August 1914, the flotilla was tasked with harassing the Imperial German Navy and on 26 August was ordered to attack German torpedo boats on their patrol as part of a large Royal Navy fleet in what was to be the Battle of Heligoland Bight.Шаблон:Sfn The following day, Lysander was part of the Fourth Division, which included fellow L-class destroyers Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, when the German torpedo boat Шаблон:SMS was sighted.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyers set off at speed in pursuit, engaging with G194 and Шаблон:SMS, and soon encountering the German 5th Flotilla.Шаблон:Sfn Lysander was third in the line when their pursuit brought them to the light cruiser Шаблон:SMS, which swiftly brought in a barrage of fire against the British vessels. The cruiser hit all three of the other destroyers, but Lysander avoided both substantial damage by shells and colliding with Liberty by responding quickly to the helm.Шаблон:Sfn Despite being outgunned, the destroyer returned fire, expending 93 rounds of ammunition.Шаблон:Sfn The arrival of the light cruisers of the First Light Cruiser Squadron turned the tide and the British forces overwhelmed the German ship.Шаблон:Sfn

On 24 and 25 October 1914, the Harwich Force, including Lysander, covered the seaplane carriers Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, as the carriers' aircraft attempted to attack a German airship base at Cuxhaven. However, the attack was aborted due to the poor weather, with few of the seaplanes getting airborne and those which did failing to reach the objective.Шаблон:Sfn On 2–3 November 1914, Lysander was part of a patrol of four destroyers led by the light cruiser Шаблон:HMS from Harwich to off Terschelling which narrowly missed encountering a German force of battlecruisers and cruisers on the way to bombard and lay mines off the town of Great Yarmouth.Шаблон:Sfn

On 23 January 1915, the destroyer formed part of the First Division of the Third Flotilla during the Battle of Dogger Bank.Шаблон:Sfn The flotilla was incapable of keeping sufficient speed to engage in the battle, which was left to newer and faster Шаблон:Sclass2 destroyers.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 January 1915, Lysander, together with sister ships Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, were detached from the Harwich Force to hunt submarines (in particular Шаблон:SMU) in the Irish Channel. On 5 February, Lysander and Liberty escorted the liners Шаблон:Ship and Шаблон:Ship from Queenstown, Ireland, to Liverpool, with Lysander receiving damage from high seas which required repair at Chatham.Шаблон:Sfn On 8 April 1915, Lysander and Шаблон:HMS escorted the paddle-steamers Prince Edward and Шаблон:Ship as they laid anti-submarine nets off Ostend, with the destroyers coming under fire from German Шаблон:Convert shore batteries, although they were unharmed. While the net-layers then returned to base, the two destroyers patrolled the nets, and were unsuccessfully bombed by German aircraft the next day before returning to port.Шаблон:Sfn In June 1915, most of the Harwich Force, including Lysander was employed in anti-submarine operations at the west end of the English Channel, covering the arrival of troops from Canada and the despatch of troops to the Dardanelles campaign.[2]

From 28 July to 31 July 1915, cruisers and destroyers from the Grand Fleet and Harwich Force carried out Operation C, a large scale sweep into the Skagerrak with the intent of disrupting sea trade between Sweden and Germany. Lysander detained one Danish merchant ship, the Cito which was thought to be acting suspiciously, and escorted the steamer to the Humber for further examination.Шаблон:Sfn Lysander formed part of the covering force for minelaying operations on 16–18 August and 11 September.Шаблон:Sfn The Third Flotilla, including Lysander, was renumbered the Ninth Destroyer Flotilla on 4 September that year, although it remained as part of the Harwich Force.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn[3]

On 24 April 1916, a force of German battlecruisers and cruisers set out from Kiel to bombard the coastal towns of Lowestoft and Yarmouth. Later that day, the German battlecruiser Шаблон:SMS struck a mine, and the resultant radio traffic warned the British of the German operation.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The Harwich Force, including Lysander left port at midnight on the night of 24/25 April.Шаблон:Sfn The German battlecruisers aborted their bombardment of Yarmouth to engage the Harwich force, hitting the cruiser Шаблон:HMS and the destroyer Шаблон:HMS but retired to the East rather than attempt to destroy the smaller British force. Lysander was undamaged.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

By April 1917, the destroyer had moved to the Seventh Destroyer Flotilla operating on the East coat of Britain.[4]Шаблон:Sfn The vessel was then transferred to Devonport with the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla by August 1917,[5] with the Flotilla being employed in convoy escort duties.Шаблон:Sfn On 29 June 1918, Lysander found the 24 remaining survivors from the Canadian hospital ship Шаблон:HMHS which had been sunk by Шаблон:SMU the previous day; they became critical to a case at the Leipzig War Crimes Trials.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the war, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and the amount of personnel in service needed to be reduced to save money.Шаблон:Sfn Lysander was initially placed in reserve at Plymouth alongside over 49 other destroyers.[6] On 9 June 1922, the vessel was sold to Cashmore of Newport, Wales, and was subsequently broken up.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant number Date
H93 December 1914Шаблон:Sfn
H68 January 1918Шаблон:Sfn
H81 January 1919 Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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Шаблон:L class destroyers (1913)

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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