Английская Википедия:HMS Marne (1915)

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HMS Marne was an Шаблон:Sclass2 which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on the preceding Шаблон:Sclass2, capable of higher speed. The ship, the first Royal Navy vessel to be named after the River Marne, was launched in 1915. For much of the war, the destroyer escorted merchant ships in convoys and Royal Navy warships, but was also involved in the rescue of crew from the battleship Шаблон:HMS in 1916. The destroyer also took part in the Battle of Jutland as part of the shield for the British battleships and engaged with the German light cruiser force with torpedoes, although all missed. In 1918, the destroyer, along with sister ships Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, sank the German submarine Шаблон:SMU. After the armistice, Marne was placed in reserve before being decommissioned and, in 1921, sold to be broken up.

Design and development

Marne was one of the initial six Шаблон:Sclass2s ordered by the British Admiralty in September 1914 as part of the First Emergency War Programme.Шаблон:Sfn The M class was an improved version of the earlier Шаблон:Sclass2 destroyers, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured German fast destroyers. The remit was to have a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert and, although the eventual design did not achieve this, the greater performance was appreciated by the navy. It transpired that the German ships did not exist.Шаблон:Sfn

The destroyer had a length of Шаблон:Convert overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.Шаблон:Sfn Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Brown-Curtis steam turbines rated at Шаблон:Convert and driving three shafts, to give a design speed of Шаблон:Convert. Three funnels were fitted.Шаблон:Sfn A total of Шаблон:Convert of oil could be carried, including Шаблон:Convert in peace tanks that were not used in wartime, giving a range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of three single [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV]] guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels. Torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts for [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert torpedoes]] located aft of the funnels.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn A single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|QF 2-pounder Шаблон:Convert "pom-pom"]] anti-aircraft gun was mounted between the torpedo tubes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn After February 1916, for anti-submarine warfare, Marne was equipped with two chutes, with initially one depth charge each.Шаблон:Sfn The number of depth charges carried increased as the war progressed.Шаблон:Sfn The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Marne was laid down by John Brown & Company of Clydebank on 30 September 1914 alongside sister ship Шаблон:HMS with the yard number 434, launched on 29 May the following year and completed on 27 September.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was the first vessel in the navy to be named after the river Marne in France.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the newly formed Eleventh Destroyer Flotilla.[1]

After the battleship Шаблон:HMS had struck a mine on 10 January 1916 off the northern Scottish coast, Marne was one of twelve destroyers that came to the stricken ship's aid. The destroyer, along with Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, transferred all but one of the crew and took them back to port.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 April, the destroyer, as part of the Eleventh Destroyer Flotilla, was based at Cromarty.Шаблон:Sfn The flotilla formed part of the support for the Grand Fleet in their response to the German bombardment of Yarmouth and Lowestoft which took place on that day. However, the slower speed of the destroyers in the choppy seas meant that they were left behind and the fleets did not meet.Шаблон:Sfn On 1 May, the destroyer picked up the survivors from the armed merchant ship SS San Urbano, which had been sunk by Шаблон:SMU.Шаблон:Sfn

At the Battle of Jutland later that year, Marne served as one of four members of the Eleventh Destroyer Flotilla attached to the First and Fourth Battle Squadrons.Шаблон:Sfn The flotilla then formed close to the dreadnought battleship Шаблон:HMS when the two fleets converged on 31 May, providing part of the screen for the British battle line.Шаблон:Sfn As the German fleet withdrew during the night, the ships were spotted by the vanguard of the High Seas Fleet.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyers, led by the light cruiser Шаблон:HMS, attacked the German light cruisers of the 4th Scouting Group, Marne launching a torpedo that failed to impact.Шаблон:Sfn The gun flashes from the British cruiser so blinded the crew that they could not fire any more.Шаблон:Sfn In return, the destroyer received a hit from a Шаблон:Convert shell on the upper deck aft which failed to explode.Шаблон:Sfn After the end of the battle, the vessel returned to Scapa Flow, arriving on 2 June.Шаблон:Sfn

During the following year, Marne was transferred to the Northern Division of the Coast of Ireland Station based at Buncrana.[2] The destroyer was part of the escort service provided to convoys travelling across the Atlantic. The destroyers at Buncrana assisted convoys arriving across the Atlantic Ocean from the American industrial complex at Hampton Roads and via Sydney, Nova Scotia, or departing ports on the Clyde and Mersey.Шаблон:Sfn The Division also provided three escorts every eight days to protect fast convoys travelling to and from Halifax, Nova Scotia.Шаблон:Sfn On 2 October, the destroyer briefly escorted Шаблон:HMS after the armoured cruiser had been torpedoed by Шаблон:SMU.Шаблон:Sfn The convoy escort role continued into 1918.Шаблон:Sfn[3] On 20 July, the destroyer, along with sister ships Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, successfully drove the German submarine Шаблон:SMU to the surface with depth charges. The ships then sank the submarine with gunfire.Шаблон:Sfn

After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended the war, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and the amount of personnel needed to be reduced to save money.Шаблон:Sfn Marne was declared superfluous to operational requirements. On 22 October 1919, the destroyer was reduced and placed in reserve at Devonport.[4] However, this did not last long and, after being decommissioned, on 31 November 1921, Marne was sold to G Cohen to be broken up in Germany.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant number Date
HA6 August 1915Шаблон:Sfn
G05 January 1917Шаблон:Sfn
HA0 March 1918Шаблон:Sfn
H38 January 1919Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:M class destroyers

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:HMS_Marne_(1915)&oldid=15093849