Английская Википедия:HMS Martin (1910)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use shortened footnotes Шаблон:Use British English

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HMS Martin was one of 20 Шаблон:Sclass (later H-class) destroyers built for the Royal Navy. The destroyer served in the First World War. The Acorn class was smaller than the preceding Шаблон:Sclass but oil-fired and better armed. Launched in 1910, Martin joined the Second Destroyer Flotilla. After the British Empire declared war on Germany at the beginning of the First World War, the ship joined the Grand Fleet and was based at Devonport. While undertaking anti-submarine patrols and escorting merchant ships around the British Isles, the destroyer damaged the submarine Шаблон:SMU and potentially sank Шаблон:SMU. Martin ended the war in Brindisi with the Mediterranean Fleet. After the Armistice, the destroyer remained in the Mediterranean until being sold to be broken up in 1920.

Design and description

Шаблон:Main The first decade of the twentieth century saw dramatic strides in the development of destroyers, and the Royal Navy demanded more powerful designs capable of independent operation.Шаблон:Sfn The coal-burning Шаблон:Sclass were followed by the Шаблон:Sclass, which saw the Navy return to oil-firing. Pioneered by the Шаблон:Sclass2 of 1905 and Шаблон:HMS of 1907, using oil enabled a more efficient design, leading to a smaller vessel which also had increased deck space available for weaponry.Шаблон:Sfn In addition, unlike previous destroyer designs, where the individual yards had been given discretion within the parameters set by the Admiralty, the Acorn class was a set, with the propulsion machinery the only major variation between the different ships.Шаблон:Sfn This enabled costs to be reduced.Шаблон:Sfn The class was renamed H class in October 1913.Шаблон:Sfn

Martin was Шаблон:Convert long between perpendiculars and Шаблон:Convert overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a deep draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.Шаблон:Sfn Power was provided by Parsons steam turbines, fed by four Yarrow boilers.Шаблон:Sfn Parsons supplied a set of direct-drive turbines that drove three shafts.Шаблон:Sfn Three funnels were fitted.Шаблон:Sfn The engines were rated at Шаблон:Convert and design speed was Шаблон:Convert. On trial, Martin achieved Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel carried Шаблон:Convert of fuel oil which gave a range of Шаблон:Convert at a cruising speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of a single [[BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII|BL Шаблон:Convert Mk VIII]] gun carried on the forecastle and another aft. Two single [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|QF 12-pounder Шаблон:Convert]] guns were mounted between the first two funnels.Шаблон:Sfn Two rotating [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert]] torpedo tubes were mounted aft of the funnels, with two reloads carried, and a searchlight fitted between the tubes.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was later modified to carry a single Vickers [[Ordnance QF 3-pounder Vickers|QF 3-pounder Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft gun and depth charges for anti-submarine warfare.Шаблон:Sfn The ship's complement was 72 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

The 20 destroyers of the Acorn class were ordered by the Admiralty under the 1909–1910 Naval Programme. One of three in the class built by John I. Thornycroft & Company, Martin was laid down at the company's Woolston shipyard on 21 December 1909, launched on 15 December 1910 and completed in March 1911.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was the eleventh in Royal Navy service to be given the name.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Martin joined the Second Destroyer Flotilla.[1][2] After the British Empire declared war on Germany at the beginning of the First World War in August 1914, the flotilla became part of the Grand Fleet.Шаблон:Sfn Between 13 and 15 October 1915, the flotilla supported the battleships of the Grand Fleet in a training exercise.Шаблон:Sfn On 8 November 1916, the destroyer, alongside sister ship Шаблон:HMS and the Thornycroft-built Шаблон:Sclass Шаблон:HMS, left Devonport to search for submarines.Шаблон:Sfn The search was unsuccessful in finding any enemy vessels, but no British ships were attacked during the next two days. This was a rare hiatus, sinkings resuming immediately afterwards.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was then deployed to Dover. On 3 December, Martin, alongside sister ship Шаблон:HMS, was called upon to join a search for submarines in the English Channel. The lack of success with British anti-submarine measures had meant that merchant shipping had ceased travelling through the Strait of Dover. The search was unsuccessful and instead the ships continued to have to route via the western coast of Britain.Шаблон:Sfn

From January 1917, Martin escorted merchant ships off the Isles of Scilly.Шаблон:Sfn On 19 February, the destroyer escorted SS Headley, which was attacked by torpedo by the submarine Шаблон:SMU. When the merchant ship sank, the destroyer followed the torpedo's track to find the submarine and dropped depth charges that are reported by the crew of the submarine to have caused damage as the boat escaped.Шаблон:Sfn On 7 August, the destroyer was leaving Lough Swilly to join a convoy when the crew saw a periscope off the port side. The ship sped to the spot as the submarine submerged and attacked. Sister ships Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and three other destroyers quickly followed and between them the warships laid a pattern of 13 depth charges. Although it is not confirmed, the submarine may have been Шаблон:SMU, in which case it escaped.Шаблон:Sfn Alternatively, it may have been Шаблон:SMU, which was sunk during that period.Шаблон:Sfn On 2 October, the destroyer was called to escort the Шаблон:Sclass armoured cruiser Шаблон:HMS, returning to port after being torpedoed by a German submarine. The stricken vessel attempted to beach but before that could be completed, the cruiser started to capsize. The crew evacuated, the Шаблон:Sclass sloop Шаблон:HMS and Martin sharing the responsibility for taking them to shore.Шаблон:Sfn

During 1918, the destroyer was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet based at Brindisi.[3] After the Armistice, Martin remained with the Mediterranean Fleet.[4] The deployment did not last long. The Royal Navy needed to return to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and the amount of personnel were reduced to save money.Шаблон:Sfn On 21 August 1920, the vessel was sold in Malta to be broken up by Agius Bros.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number Date
H65 December 1914Шаблон:Sfn
H71 January 1918Шаблон:Sfn
H21 January 1919Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:Acorn class destroyer

Партнерские ресурсы
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Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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