Английская Википедия:HMS Marvel (1915)

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HMS Marvel was a Шаблон:Sclass2 which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class were an improvement on the previous Шаблон:Sclass2, capable of higher speed. The vessel, launched in October 1915, joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla under the flotilla leader Шаблон:HMS. The ship saw action during the Battle of Jutland in May and June 1916, being hit by a Шаблон:Cvt shell that did not explode and jointly sinking the German torpedo boat Шаблон:SMS. Six months later, the vessel successfully rescued all but four of the crew of the sinking flotilla leader Шаблон:HMS, despite sustaining substantial damage in the process. In June 1917, the vessel was involved in the sinking of the German merchant ship SS Gamma in Norwegian waters, which led to a diplomatic protest from the Norwegian government. At the end of the war, the vessel was placed in reserve until being sold to be broken up in May 1921.

Design and development

Marvel was one of nine Шаблон:Sclass2s ordered by the British Admiralty in November 1914 as part of the Second War Construction Programme.Шаблон:Sfn The M class was an improved version of the earlier Шаблон:Sclass2 destroyers, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured German fast destroyers. The remit was to have a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert and, although the eventual design did not achieve this, the greater performance was appreciated by the navy. It transpired that the German ships did not exist.Шаблон:Sfn

The destroyer had a length of Шаблон:Convert between perpendiculars and Шаблон:Convert overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Parsons steam turbines rated at Шаблон:Convert and driving three shafts, to give a design speed of Шаблон:Convert. Three funnels were fitted.Шаблон:Sfn A total of Шаблон:Convert of oil could be carried, including Шаблон:Convert in peace tanks that were not used in wartime, giving a range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of three single [[QF 4-inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV]] guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels on a bandstand. Torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts for [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert torpedoes]].Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn A single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|QF 2-pounder Шаблон:Convert "pom-pom"]] anti-aircraft gun was mounted between the torpedo tubes.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn After February 1916, for anti-submarine warfare, Marvel was equipped with two chutes for two depth charges.Шаблон:Sfn The number of depth charges carried increased as the war progressed.Шаблон:Sfn The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Marvel was laid down by William Denny and Brothers at Dumbarton on 11 January 1915 with the yard number 1031, launched on 7 October and completed on 28 December.Шаблон:Sfn This was the first time the name had been used in the Royal Navy.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla under the flotilla leader Шаблон:HMS.[1]

On 30 May 1916, the destroyer sailed with the Grand Fleet to confront the German High Seas Fleet in what would be the Battle of Jutland, forming part of the First Division of the Flotilla that was led by Faulknor and included sister ships Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS.Шаблон:Sfn The division was deployed in action against the German light cruisers.Шаблон:Sfn However, in the battle melee, the division also got within the range of the main batteries of the battleships and battlecruisers which were at the centre of the action. At 6:29 PM, Marvel was hit by a stray Шаблон:Cvt shell, but it did not explode.Шаблон:Sfn Shortly afterwards, the division saw the approaching line of the German Third Torpedo Boat Flotilla and attacked. The destroyer, along with the rest of the flotilla, sank the torpedo boat Шаблон:SMS, previously disabled by the destroyer Шаблон:HMS.Шаблон:Sfn As the battle closed, the Flotilla spotted the retreating German line. The First Division was ordered to attack, and, using their superior speed, the destroyers sped ahead of the German ships.Шаблон:Sfn At about 2:00 AM on 1 June, Marvel swung round and, finding a good position to target the battleships, launched four torpedoes. They all missed.Шаблон:Sfn

On 18 August, the destroyer was escorting the dreadnought battleship and flagship of the Grand Fleet Шаблон:HMS along with sister ship Onslaught to intercept the High Seas Fleet on their attack on Sunderland.Шаблон:Sfn On 21 December, the destroyer was called to assist the flotilla leader Шаблон:HMS, which had collided and sank Шаблон:HMS. Along with sister ship Шаблон:HMS, Marvel attempted to tow the damaged ship back to Scapa Flow, but after three hours, Hoste began to founder. Disregarding the severe conditions, Marvel went alongside to rescue the crew of the sinking ship. Despite repeatedly being forced apart by the heavy seas and sustaining substantial damage to the forecastle, the destroyer returned twelve times and successfully rescued all but four of the ship's crew before the flotilla leader eventually sank.Шаблон:Sfn

On 2 June 1917, Marvel was involved in the sinking of the German steamship, SS Gamma. The destroyer was patrolling off the Norwegian coast along with the light cruiser Шаблон:HMS and sister ship Mindful when the merchantman was spotted. A warning shot was fired and Gamma turned to the Norwegian shore. The British vessels pursued and sank the ship. The Norwegian government protested the violation of their neutrality and presented the UK government with a bill of 3,406,124 marks, given to them by the German government, which the British government ignored. The cruise also led to protests from five other vessels, sailing under Norwegian and Swedish flags, four of which the Royal Navy admitted were stopped in neutral waters.Шаблон:Sfn

The harsh conditions of wartime operations, particularly the combination of high speed and the poor weather that is typical of the North Sea, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised, meant that the destroyer was soon worn out.Шаблон:Sfn After the Armistice, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of operation and it was decided that Marvel was to be withdrawn from active service. Initially, the destroyer was placed in reserve at Devonport.[2] However, this did not last long as the navy needed to reduce both the number of ships and the amount of staff to save money.Шаблон:Sfn On 9 May 1921, the vessel was sold to Thos. W. Ward of Hayle and broken up.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number Date
G28 January 1918Шаблон:Sfn
GA3 September 1918Шаблон:Sfn
G21 January 1919Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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Шаблон:M class destroyers

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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