Английская Википедия:HMS Nemesis (1910)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HMS Nemesis was an Шаблон:Sclass (later H-class) destroyer that served with the Royal Navy and Imperial Japanese Navy in the First World War. The Acorn class ships were smaller than the preceding Шаблон:Sclass but were oil-fired and better armed. Launched in 1910, Nemesis served with the Second Destroyer Flotilla based at Scapa Flow. The vessel served as part of the Grand Fleet, taking part in exercises, and as an escort deployed at Devonport protecting shipping against submarines. Nemesis was undamaged by enemy action, despite a near-miss from a torpedo launched by the German submarine Шаблон:SMU, but was damaged in a collision with sister ship Шаблон:HMS. After a period with the Mediterranean Fleet, in 1917, the destroyer was loaned to the Imperial Japanese Navy with the new name Kanran. Crewed by Japanese sailors, Kanran joined the 11th Japanese Destroyer Division and spent the remainder of the war escorting ships crossing the Mediterranean Sea. After the Armistice, the destroyer was returned to Royal Navy service in 1919 but was reduced to reserve before being sold to be broken up in 1921.

Design and development

Шаблон:Main The first decade of the twentieth century saw dramatic strides in the development of destroyers, and the Royal Navy demanded more powerful designs capable of independent operation.Шаблон:Sfn The coal-burning Шаблон:Sclass was followed by the Шаблон:Sclass, which saw the Navy return to oil-firing. Pioneered by the Шаблон:Sclass2 of 1905 and Шаблон:HMS of 1907, using oil enabled a more efficient design, leading to a smaller vessel which also had increased deck space available for weaponry.Шаблон:Sfn In addition, unlike previous destroyer designs, where the individual yards had been given discretion within the parameters set by the Admiralty, the Acorn class was a set, with the propulsion machinery the only major variation between the different ships.Шаблон:Sfn This enabled costs to be reduced.Шаблон:Sfn The class was renamed H class in October 1913.Шаблон:Sfn

Nemesis was Шаблон:Convert long between perpendiculars and Шаблон:Convert overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a deep draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.Шаблон:Sfn Power was provided by Parsons steam turbines, fed by four Yarrow boilers.Шаблон:Sfn Parsons supplied a complex of high-pressure and low pressure turbines, driving three shafts.Шаблон:Sfn The engines were rated at Шаблон:Convert and design speed was Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Three funnels were fitted.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel carried Шаблон:Convert of fuel oil and had a design range of Шаблон:Convert at a cruising speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

The armament consisted of a single [[BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII|BL Шаблон:Convert Mk VIII]] gun carried on the forecastle and another aft. Two single [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|QF 12-pounder Шаблон:Convert guns]] were mounted between the first two funnels.Шаблон:Sfn Two rotating [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert]] torpedo tubes were mounted aft of the funnels, with two reloads carried. A searchlight was fitted between the tubes.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was later modified to carry a single Vickers [[Ordnance QF 3-pounder Vickers|QF 3-pounder Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft gun and depth charges for anti-submarine warfare.Шаблон:Sfn The ship's complement was 72 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

The 20 destroyers of the Acorn class were ordered by the Admiralty under the 1909–1910 Naval Programme on 8 September 1909. Nemesis was laid down at the Dumbarton shipyard of R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company on 26 November with yard number 434, launched on 9 August 1910 and completed in 7 March 1911.Шаблон:Sfn There had been a 13 week stoppage during the construction due to labour troubles. The ship was the fourth in Royal Navy service to be given the name.Шаблон:Sfn On commissioning, the vessel joined the Second Destroyer Flotilla.Шаблон:Sfn

After the British Empire declared war on Germany at the beginning of the First World War in August 1914, the Second Flotilla became part of the Grand Fleet based at Scapa Flow.Шаблон:Sfn On 16 October, while patrolling in the Pentland Firth, the destroyer was attacked by the German submarine Шаблон:SMU.Шаблон:Sfn The torpedo missed, crossing Шаблон:Convert in front of the destroyer, although the submarine escaped before Nemesis could launch a depth charge attack.Шаблон:Sfn On 16 March 1915, the destroyer was damaged in a collision with sister ship Шаблон:HMS during an exercise off the coast of Scotland.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 May, the vessel was again damaged in a collision, this time while escorting the minelayer Шаблон:HMS, but was soon back in service.Шаблон:Sfn Between 13 and 15 October, the Second Destroyer Flotilla escorted the battleships of the Grand Fleet in a practice cruise.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was subsequently deployed to Devonport to undertake more extensive escort duties, protecting merchant ships against German submarines, remaining there until December 1916.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

At the start of 1917, Nemesis was assigned to the British Adriatic Squadron as part of the Mediterranean Fleet. The destroyer continued to act as an escort. On 26 May, the destroyer, along with sister ship Шаблон:HMS, was escorting the hospital ships Шаблон:HMHS and Шаблон:HMHS between Malta and Gibraltar when the flotilla was attacked by the German submarine Шаблон:SMU. Dover Castle was torpedoed and sank. Protected by smoke screen sent up by Nemesis, Karapara escaped to Annaba (Bône). The submarine also escaped unharmed.Шаблон:Sfn Soon afterwards, the destroyer was transferred, along with sister ship Шаблон:HMS, to the Imperial Japanese Navy to serve as an escort operated by a Japanese crew.Шаблон:Sfn Nemesis was renamed Kanran and served with the 11th Japanese Destroyer Division with a Japanese crew, although remaining under the command of the British Admiralty.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The vessel continued to successfully escort ships in the Mediterranean Sea, with shipping departing Gibraltar now forming convoys to offer greater protection.Шаблон:Sfn The Japanese vessels were particularly called upon to escort troop ships, a role in which they proved particularly adept.Шаблон:Sfn

After the Armistice, the vessel was no longer needed for Japanese service and so was returned to the Royal Navy on 17 January 1919.Шаблон:Sfn However, as the navy returned to a peacetime level of strength, there was no longer the need for a large number of ships and the amount of personnel needed to be reduced to save money.Шаблон:Sfn Nemesis joined 48 other destroyers in reserve at Devonport. The vessel was sold to the British Legion on 26 November 1921 to be broken up.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number	Date
H72	December 1914Шаблон:Sfn
H88	January 1917Шаблон:Sfn
H73	January 1919Шаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

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