Английская Википедия:HMS Nepean (1916)

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HMS Nepean was an Шаблон:Sclass2 which served in the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on those of the preceding Шаблон:Sclass2, capable of higher speed. The second Royal Navy vessel to be named after Sir Evan Nepean, and the first not in Australian service, the destroyer was launched in 1916 and joined the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla of the Grand Fleet. In 1917, Nepean formed part of the escort for the light cruisers Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMAS when they were attacked by the Zeppelin L 43 and the First Battlecruiser Squadron during the Second Battle of Heligoland Bight. Neither led to the warship being involved in any action with the enemy. The destroyer finished the war with the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla. After the Armistice, Nepean was placed in reserve before being sold to be broken up in 1921.

Design and development

Nepean was one of the sixteen Шаблон:Sclass2s ordered by the British Admiralty in September 1914 as part of the First War Programme.Шаблон:Sfn The M class was an improved version of the earlier Шаблон:Sclass2, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured new German fast destroyers. The remit was to have a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert and, although ultimately the destroyers fell short of that ambition in service, the extra performance that was achieved was valued by the navy. It transpired that the German warships did not exist.Шаблон:Sfn

The destroyer had a length of Шаблон:Convert between perpendiculars and Шаблон:Convert overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal.Шаблон:Sfn Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Brown-Curtiss rated at Шаблон:Convert, driving three shafts and exhausting through three funnels. Design speed was Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Nepean managed Шаблон:Convert on Шаблон:Convert during trials.Шаблон:Sfn A total of Шаблон:Convert of oil was carried. Design range was Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert, but actual endurance in service was less; sister ship Шаблон:HMS had a range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

Nepean had a main armament consisting of three single [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV]] guns on the centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels. Torpedo armament consisted of two twin torpedo tubes for [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert torpedoes]] located aft of the funnels.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Two single [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom|1-pounder Шаблон:Convert "pom-pom"]] anti-aircraft guns were carried.Шаблон:Sfn The anti-aircraft guns were later replaced by [[QF 2 pounder naval gun|2-pdr Шаблон:Convert "pom-pom"]] guns.Шаблон:Sfn The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Nepean was laid down by John I. Thornycroft & Company at their yard in Woolston, Southampton in February 1915, was launched on 22 January the following year and was completed three months later in March.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was the second vessel in the Royal Navy to be named after Sir Evan Nepean, and the first not to be in Australian service.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The warship was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla.[1] The flotilla was based at the naval base in Rosyth. On 30 May, Nepean was the only member of the flotilla not to sail with the Grand Fleet to confront the German High Seas Fleet in what would be the Battle of Jutland.Шаблон:Sfn

On 30 April 1917, the destroyer was the target of a torpedo launched by the German submarine Шаблон:SMU.Шаблон:Sfn It missed.Шаблон:Sfn On 3 May, the destroyer formed part of the escort for the light cruisers Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMAS, along with sister ships Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, on a routine patrol of the North Sea. During the following day, they were attacked by the Zeppelin L 43.Шаблон:Sfn The airship bombed the British ships, causing minor damage to Obdurate but otherwise causing no harm.Шаблон:Sfn During the attack, the destroyer had identified a torpedo attack from German submarines.Шаблон:Sfn Increasing activity from submarines against merchant shipping had led to the creation of a convoy system relying on destroyer escorts.Шаблон:Sfn The flotilla was called upon to accompany over 26 vessels a day.Шаблон:Sfn On 16 October, the destroyer joined with 53 other destroyers and 27 lights cruisers in an unsuccessful search for an escorted German minelayer.Шаблон:Sfn At the same time, German cruisers attacked a convoy crossing to Scandinavia. The loss of nine merchant ships and three escorts led to the Admiralty increasing the escort to nine M-class destroyers.Шаблон:Sfn During the following month, from 16 November, the destroyer formed part of the escort for the First Battlecruiser Squadron, led by Шаблон:HMS, which left Rosyth to attack German minesweepers.Шаблон:Sfn Nepean did not take part in the subsequent Second Battle of Heligoland Bight, which involved large numbers of ships from both sides.Шаблон:Sfn

At the end of the war, Nepean was part of the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla based at Devonport.[2] After the Armistice that ended the war, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and the amount of personnel needed to be reduced to save money.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was transferred to reserve at Nore.[3] However, the harsh conditions of wartime operations, particularly the combination of high speed and the poor weather that is typical of the North Sea, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised, meant that the ship was soon worn out.Шаблон:Sfn Nepean was declared superfluous to operational requirements, retired, and, on 15 November 1921, was sold to Cashmore of Newport, Wales, and broken up in 1923.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant number Date
G18 September 1915Шаблон:Sfn
F03 January 1917Шаблон:Sfn
HA5 Шаблон:Sfn
H44 June 1918Шаблон:Sfn
G83 January 1919Шаблон:Sfn
H9A January 1922Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:M class destroyers

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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