Английская Википедия:HMS Nicator (1916)

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HMS Nicator was an Шаблон:Sclass2 which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The M class was an improvement on the preceding Шаблон:Sclass2, capable of higher speed. Launched in February 1916, the destroyer fought in the Battle of Jutland between May and June 1916, operating in support of the British battlecruisers in their action against the German High Seas Fleet. Nicator claimed, along with sister ship Шаблон:HMS, the destruction of a German torpedo boat, likely to be Шаблон:SMS. The destroyer also attacked the German battlecruisers and battleships and, although no hits were recorded, kept the German ships from closing with the British. This was crucial to limiting losses to the British battlecruiser fleet. The vessel was subsequently fitted with paravanes for anti-submarine warfare. After the war, the destroyer was placed in reserve and subsequently sold to be broken up in May 1921.

Design and development

Nicator was one of sixteen Шаблон:Sclass2s ordered by the British Admiralty in February 1915 as part of the Fourth War Construction Programme during the First World War.Шаблон:Sfn The M class was an improved version of the earlier Шаблон:Sclass2 destroyers, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured German fast destroyers. The remit was to have a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert, and although the eventual design did not achieve this, the greater performance of the M class was appreciated by the Royal Navy. It transpired that the German ships did not exist.Шаблон:Sfn

The destroyer was Шаблон:Convert long between perpendiculars, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.Шаблон:Sfn Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding Parsons steam turbines rated at Шаблон:Convert and driving three shafts, to give a design speed of Шаблон:Convert. Three funnels were fitted.Шаблон:Sfn A fuel load of Шаблон:Convert of oil was carried, including Шаблон:Convert in peace tanks that were not used in wartime, giving a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of three single [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV]] guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels.Шаблон:Sfn Two single [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|QF 2-pounder Шаблон:Convert "pom-pom"]] anti-aircraft guns were carried, while torpedo armament consisted of two twin rotating mounts for [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert torpedoes]] torpedoes.Шаблон:Sfn Nicator was equipped with two depth charge chutes aft, the number of depth charges carried increasing during the duration of the war.Шаблон:Sfn The ship had a complement of 80 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Nicator was laid down by William Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton on 21 April 1915 with the yard number 1047. Construction cost £149,730.Шаблон:Sfn Launched on 3 February 1916 and completed on 15 April, the ship was the first in the Royal Navy to be named after Seleucus I Nicator, one of the Diadochi of Alexander the Great and the founder of the Seleucid dynasty.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The vessel was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Thirteenth Destroyer Flotilla.[1] Soon after entering service, the destroyer formed part of the escort to troops sent to Dublin on 25 April to put down the Easter Rising.Шаблон:Sfn

Between 31 May and 1 June 1916, Nicator sailed as part of the flotilla, led by the flotilla cruiser Шаблон:HMS, to confront the German High Seas Fleet in the Battle of Jutland.Шаблон:Sfn The flotilla was part of the destroyer screen for the British battlecruisers as they confronted their German equivalents.Шаблон:Sfn As the two fleets converged, Nicator and sister ship Шаблон:HMS attacked the German torpedo boats and claimed to sink one. Шаблон:SMS, which was stricken by gunfire, is likely to be their victim.Шаблон:Sfn

Following the destruction of Шаблон:HMS, the flotilla, reinforced by members of the Ninth Destroyer Flotilla and Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS of the Tenth, sped to attack the German fleet. The destroyers engaged with the German destroyer screen and a fierce battle ensued.Шаблон:Sfn Nicator was one of only two from the flotilla, along with Nestor, that managed to break through to reach the German line. They first encountered the battlecruiser Шаблон:SMS, which turned away to avoid their attack.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer then launched a torpedo at the German battlecruiser Шаблон:SMS, which missed.Шаблон:Sfn Another torpedo got stuck in its tube and failed to fire.Шаблон:Sfn Although the attack did not record any hits, it did force the German warships to manoeuvre away and so enabled the British battlecruiser fleet, which had already lost two of their number, to escape without further harm.Шаблон:Sfn

As Nestor and Nicator turned away from the German battlecruisers, the battleships of the High Seas Fleet appeared on the horizon. Nicator fired one more shell at the retreating German ships and retired.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyers then joined with a larger flotilla of twelve destroyers which was stationed to the east of the Grand Fleet.Шаблон:Sfn As the battlefleets manoeuvred around each other, Nicator attempted to attack the German battleships with gunfire but without success.Шаблон:Sfn As the battle drew to a close, the destroyer avoided a torpedo launched by the submarine Шаблон:SMU, which also escaped, before retiring to Rosyth low on fuel.Шаблон:Sfn

During early 1917, Nicator was equipped with anti-submarine paravanes and on 16 and 17 April, the ship was one of six used for patrols of Dogger Bank known as high speed sweeps, although no submarines were found during the operation.Шаблон:Sfn The Admiralty identified that the patrols were not as successful at detecting and destroying submarines as they needed and focused instead on the more effective convoy model.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel was transferred to Buncrana with the Second Destroyer Flotilla and served there for the last year of the war.[2] The Buncrana-based destroyers were employed on convoy escort, rendezvousing with trans-Atlantic convoys inbound from the Hampton Roads, and Sydney, Nova Scotia and escorting them to ports on the Clyde and Mersey and escorting outbound Atlantic convoys until they dispersed..Шаблон:Sfn

After the armistice, Nicator was transferred to Portsmouth.[3] This was a temporary post and during the following year, the destroyer was moved to the local defence flotilla at Portland.[4] As the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of strength, both the number of ships and the amount of personnel needed to be reduced to save money.Шаблон:Sfn In addition, the harsh conditions of wartime service, particularly the combination of high speed and the poor weather that is typical of the North Sea, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised, meant that the destroyer was in need of repair to remain in service.Шаблон:Sfn On 9 May 1921, the destroyer was decommissioned and sold to Thos. W. Ward of Milford Haven to be broken up.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant number Date
G55 September 1915Шаблон:Sfn
F05 January 1917Шаблон:Sfn
HA4 January 1918Шаблон:Sfn
G01 January 1919Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:M class destroyers

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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