Английская Википедия:HMS Nile (1888)

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsШаблон:Infobox service record

HMS Nile was one of two Шаблон:Sclass battleships built for the Royal Navy during the 1880s. Late deliveries of her main guns delayed her commissioning until 1891 and she spent most of the decade with the Mediterranean Fleet. Nile returned home in 1898 and became the coast guard ship at Devonport for five years before she was placed in reserve in 1903. The ship was sold for scrap in 1912 and broken up at Swansea, Wales.

Design and description

Файл:Trafalgar class battleship Starboard elevation and Deck plan.jpg
Right elevation and plan of the Trafalgar class

The design of the Trafalgar-class ships was derived from the layout of the earlier ironclad battleship Шаблон:HMS and the Шаблон:Sclass2, coupled with the heavy armour of the preceding Шаблон:Sclass.[1] The Trafalgars displaced Шаблон:Convert; the addition of more armour and ammunition during construction added an additional Шаблон:Convert of weight and increased their draught by a foot (0.3 m) below their designed waterline.[2] They had a length between perpendiculars of Шаблон:Convert, a beam of Шаблон:Convert, and a draught of Шаблон:Convert.[3] NileШаблон:'s crew consisted of 537 officers and ratings in 1903 and 527 two years later.[4] The low freeboard of the Trafalgars made them very wet and they could not maintain full speed except in a calm.[3]

The ships were powered by a pair of three-cylinder, vertical inverted, triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one shaft, which were designed to produce a total of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum speed of Шаблон:Convert using steam provided by six cylindrical boilers with forced draught. During her sea trials, Nile slightly exceeded this with a speed of Шаблон:Convert from Шаблон:Convert. The Trafalgar class carried a maximum of Шаблон:Convert of coal which gave them a range of Шаблон:Convert at a speed of Шаблон:Convert.[4]

Armament and armour

The Trafalgar-class ships' main armament consisted of four breech-loading (BL) [[BL 13.5 inch naval gun Mk I - IV|Шаблон:Convert guns]] mounted in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. Each gun was provided with 80 rounds.[4] The muzzles of these guns were only Шаблон:Convert above the deck, and were very hard to fight in a seaway[5] due to the spray breaking over the forward turret.[6]

Their secondary armament was originally planned to consist of eight [[BL 5 inch gun Mk I – V|BL Шаблон:Convert guns]], but these were replaced during construction by six quick-firing (QF) [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|Шаблон:Convert guns]].[3] 200 rounds per gun were carried by the ships.[4] Eight [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|QF 6-pounder Шаблон:Convert]] and nine [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|QF 3-pounder Шаблон:Convert]] Hotchkiss guns were fitted for defence against torpedo boats. The ships carried four 14-inch (356 mm) torpedo tubes[7] and another pair were added in August 1890.[8]

The Trafalgars' armour scheme was similar to that of Dreadnought, although the waterline belt of compound armour did not cover the complete length of the ship and a Шаблон:Convert deck extended fore and aft of the armoured citadel to the bow and stern. The belt was Шаблон:Convert long and was Шаблон:Convert thick; it was closed off by traverse Шаблон:Convert bulkheads. Above it was a strake of Шаблон:Convert armour that covered the bases of the gun turrets. Another strake above that protected the secondary armament and was Шаблон:Convert thick. The sides of the gun turrets were 18 inches thick and the conning tower was protected by 14-inch plates.[9]

Construction and career

Файл:HMSVictoriasinking1893.jpg
Nile standing by as the ironclad battleship Шаблон:HMS sinks

Nile, named after the Battle of the Nile,[10] was the third ship of her name to serve in the Royal Navy.[11] She was laid down on 8 April 1886 by Pembroke Dockyard. The ship was launched on 27 March 1888 by Lady Maud Hamilton, wife of Lord George Hamilton, First Lord of the Admiralty.[12] She was completed in July 1890, although her main guns were not delivered until the following year, at a cost of £885,718.[13]

After delivery, she was commissioned at Portsmouth on 30 June 1891 for manoeuvres, following which she was assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet.[6] When the battleships Victoria and Camperdown collided on 22 June 1893, Nile was next astern and it was only through the skillful manoeuvring of Captain Gerard Noel that his ship was not also involved in the collision.[14] Nile had her 4.7-inch guns replaced by [[QF 6 inch /40 naval gun|QF Шаблон:Convert guns]] in 1896. She came home in January 1898 to become the port guardship at Devonport.[15] She took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII.[16] She paid off at Devonport in February 1903, when her captain and crew transferred to HMS Royal Oak which took her place in the Home Fleet.[17] The Nile was relegated to the reserve at Devonport, where she remained until she was sold on 9 July 1912 for £34,000 to be broken up at Swansea by Thos. W. Ward.[18]

Notes and references

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:Trafalgar class battleship Шаблон:Good article

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  1. ↑ Beeler, p. 168; Brown, location 4085; Burt, pp. 43–46; Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 31; Gardiner, p. 103; Parkes, pp. 341–42;
  2. ↑ Parkes, pp. 343–344
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 31
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Burt, p. 48
  5. ↑ Burt, p. 53
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Parkes, p. 346
  7. ↑ Winfield & Lyon, p. 261
  8. ↑ Parkes, p. 345
  9. ↑ Parkes, pp. 343, 345
  10. ↑ Silverstone, p. 254
  11. ↑ Colledge, p. 244
  12. ↑ Phillips, p. 235
  13. ↑ Parkes, pp. 343, 346
  14. ↑ Heathcote, p. 194
  15. ↑ Parkes, pp. 345–46
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  18. ↑ Phillips, p. 236
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