Английская Википедия:HMS Orwell (1898)

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HMS Orwell was a B-class torpedo boat destroyer of the British Royal Navy. She was built by Laird, Son & Company, and served from 1900 until 1920.

Construction and design

As part of the 1897–1898 construction programme for the Royal Navy, the British Admiralty placed an order with Laird, Son & Company of Birkenhead for a single "thirty-knotter" destroyer. Laird's design was based on the Шаблон:Sclass of six destroyers ordered under the 1895–1896 programme, which were in turn closely based on Laird's Шаблон:Sclass ordered under the 1894–1895 programme.[1]

Orwell had an overall length of Шаблон:Convert, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert. The ship was powered by two triple expansion steam engines, fed by four Normand boilers, rated at Шаблон:Convert and was fitted with four funnels, giving a speed of 30 knots.[2][3] Displacement was Шаблон:Convert light and Шаблон:Convert full load.[3]

Armament was as normal for the "thirty-knotters", with a QF 12 pounder 12 cwt (Шаблон:Convert calibre) gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), with a secondary armament of five 6-pounder guns, and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes.[4][5]

HMS Orwell was laid down on 9 November 1897 and launched on 29 September 1898.[6]

Service

Файл:William Edward Wigfull - The loss of the Torpedo Boat Destroyer Orwell off Cape Varlam.jpg
The collision of the Torpedo Boat Destroyer Orwell off Cape Varlam

Orwell completed in January 1900, joining the Mediterranean Squadron in April that year.[6][7] In September 1902 she visited Nauplia with other ships of the squadron.[8] Early the following year she took part in a three-weeks cruise with other ships of her squadron in the Greek islands around Corfu,[9] While there, Orwell collided with the cruiser HMS Pioneer on 30 January 1903, during night exercises near Corfu. OrwellШаблон:'s bow was cut off in the collision with the loss of 15 of her crew.[10][11]

Orwell returned to the United Kingdom in 1906, remaining in home waters for the rest of her Royal Navy career.[6] In 1910, Orwell was part of the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla at Devonport, supported by the destroyer depot ship Шаблон:HMS, and was still a part of the same flotilla in 1912.[10]

On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyers were to be grouped into classes designated by letters based on appearance.[12][13] to provide some system to the naming of HM destroyers. "30 knotter" vessels with 4 funnels, were classified by the Admiralty as the B-class, the 3-funnelled, "30 knotters" became the C-class and the 2-funnelled ships the D-class). As a four-funneled ship, Orwell was listed as a B-class destroyer on 1 October 1913.[14] By 1913, she was part as the Seventh Destroyer Flotilla,[10] still based at Devonport, one of four patrol flotillas equipped with older destroyers and torpedo boats.[15][16]

On the outbreak of the First World War, the Seventh Destroyer Flotilla was transferred to the East coast of the United Kingdom.[17] Late in 1914, Orwell was transferred to Scapa Flow, where she carried out local patrol and escort duties.[10][18][19] By March 1918, Orwell was one of only three destroyers assigned to local defence of Scapa,[20] but by June that year she had been transferred to the Irish Sea Flotilla.[21]

Orwell was sold for scrap to S Castle of Plymouth on 1 July 1920 and was broken up in October 1922.[22]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:B class destroyer (1913)

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  1. ↑ Lyon 2001, pp. 61–63.
  2. ↑ Lyon 2001, pp. 61, 63.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 94.
  4. ↑ Lyon 2001, pp. 98–99.
  5. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 40.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Lyon 2001, p. 63.
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 18.
  13. ↑ Manning 1961, pp. 17–18.
  14. ↑ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 73.
  15. ↑ Manning 1961, p. 25.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  17. ↑ Manning 1961, pp. 25–26.
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  19. ↑ Manning 1961, p. 27.
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  22. ↑ Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 57.
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