Английская Википедия:HMS Pandora (N42)
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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsHMS Pandora was a British Шаблон:Sclass commissioned in 1930 and lost in 1942 during the Second World War. This class was the first to be fitted with Mark VIII torpedoes. On 4 July 1940 she torpedoed and sank the French aviso Rigault de Genouilly off the Algerian coast. In an extension of the Lend-Lease program, Pandora, along with three other British and French submarines, was overhauled at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in the United States.[1] She was sunk on 1 April 1942 by Junkers Ju 87 aircraft from Sturzkampfgeschwader 3 at the Valletta dockyard, Malta.
Design
The Parthian class was designed as an improvement of the earlier Шаблон:Sclass;[2] the new class was larger, built with a raked stem, and given a shield to cover the 4-inch gun. The class had a design flaw in that the riveted external fuel tanks leaked, leaving an oil trail on the surface.[3]
All submarines of the Parthian class were fitted with eight Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes, one QF Шаблон:Convert Mk XII deck gun, and two machine guns.[2] The class was the first to be outfitted with the Mark VIII torpedo.[4] Submarines of the Parthian class were designed for a complement of 53 officers and men.[2]
History
Pandora was ordered on 7 February 1928.[5] She was laid down on 9 July 1928 and built by Vickers-Armstrongs in the port of Barrow-in-Furness.[5][2] She was launched on 22 August 1929[2] before being commissioned on 30 June 1930.[5] Pandora was initially named Python; however, her name was changed in 1928 because of a distaste for serpent-named ships in the Royal Navy.Шаблон:Refn The tenth ship to have this name, Pandora was named after the mythological first woman.[6]
In December 1930, Pandora cruised to China from Portsmouth. She arrived in Hong Kong in February 1931 and served in the China Station from 1931 to 1940.[6] In 1940, Pandora became part of the First Submarine Flotilla along with Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS, and the depot ship Шаблон:HMS.[7]
Service in the Second World War
Pandora patrolled the Mediterranean from 1940 to 1942. She began her service in the Eastern Mediterranean in June 1940. In July, she was tasked with operations against the French Fleet near Oran off the coast of Algeria. On 4 July 1940, she sank the French aviso Шаблон:Ship near Algiers. During August, Pandora delivered supplies to the blockaded island of Malta.[6]
The Шаблон:Ship attacked Pandora with a depth charge in September, but Pandora survived the attack. In January 1941, she sank three vessels:[6] Шаблон:SS south of Sardinia, Шаблон:SS, and one other ship near Cape Spartivento in Calabria.[5]
Sinking
Pandora arrived in Malta on 31 March 1942 to unload her stores. A bombing raid took place on 1 April 1942 while she was unloading, but the decision was made to continue the process to save time. Pandora took two direct bomb hits and was sunk. The survivors were on board the submarine Шаблон:HMS when she was destroyed by a naval mine.[8] Of the 98 crew and passengers in Olympus, there were only 9 survivors.[9] In the 1950s, the wreck of Pandora, along with the wrecks of other Malta bombing casualties - Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, were raised and stripped of their casings and various parts and then taken to sea off Malta and scuttled.[10]
Notes
References
External links
Шаблон:Parthian class submarines Шаблон:April 1942 shipwrecks
- Английская Википедия
- Parthian-class submarines
- Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
- World War II submarines of the United Kingdom
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- 1929 ships
- Maritime incidents in April 1942
- Ships sunk by Italian aircraft
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