Английская Википедия:HMS Racoon (1910)

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Шаблон:Good article Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Other ships Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use British English

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HMS Racoon was a Шаблон:Sclass (or G-class) destroyer of the British Royal Navy. The Beagles were coal-fuelled ships, designed for a speed of Шаблон:Convert and armed with a [[BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII|Шаблон:Convert gun]] and two torpedo tubes. Built by Harland & Wolff and launched in 1910, Racoon was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1913. In the run up to the First World War, the destroyer was deployed to Durazzo to observe the situation in Albania, but was swiftly redeployed back to Malta. The vessel was sent to protect shipping in the Suez Canal and Red Sea. In 1915, the destroyer served in the Dardanelles Campaign, escorting pre-dreadnought battleships attacking Ottoman defences and minesweepers that were attempting to clear the Dardanelles straits. During these operations, Racoon was damaged while assisting the stricken battleship Шаблон:HMS, which subsequently sank. Racoon also supported the Battle of Gully Ravine and landing at Suvla Bay. In 1917, the destroyer was transferred to Buncrana in the north of Ireland and served as a convoy escort against German submarines. Racoon was wrecked during a snowstorm off the Irish coast in 1918.

Design and development

Шаблон:Main Racoon was one of the Шаблон:Sclasss ordered as part of the 1908–1909 shipbuilding programme.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The vessels were coal-burning after concerns had been raised about the availability of fuel oil in time of war and the bridge was larger and higher than previous designs.Шаблон:Sfn This reduced costs, although it also meant that five boilers were needed, the extra machinery meaning that deck space became more premium.Шаблон:Sfn Otherwise, the Beagle class vessels were not built to a standard design, with detailed design being left to the builders of individual ships in accordance with a loose specification.Шаблон:Sfn The vessels were known as the G class from October 1913 as part of a wider renaming of the Royal Navy's warships into classes named alphabetically, although they did not change their names.Шаблон:Sfn It was not until the introduction of the L- or Шаблон:Sclass that the destroyers' names matched the class designation.Шаблон:Sfn

Racoon was Шаблон:Convert long, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a draught of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Normal displacement was Шаблон:Convert, which increased to Шаблон:Convert by the end of the First World War.[1]Шаблон:Sfn Five Yarrow boilers fed direct-drive Parsons steam turbines driving three shafts.Шаблон:Sfn Two funnels were fitted. The machinery was rated at Шаблон:Convert giving a design speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn During sea trials, the destroyer reached a speed of Шаблон:Convert at a power output of Шаблон:Convert and displacement of Шаблон:Convert. Up to Шаблон:Convert of coal was carried, giving a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The ship had a complement of 96 officers and ratings.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of one [[BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII|Шаблон:Convert BL Mk VIII]] gun forward and three [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|Шаблон:Convert QF 12-pounder 12 cwt]] guns aft.[lower-alpha 1] Torpedo armament consisted of two [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert]] torpedo tubes, one placed forward and the other aft. Two spare torpedoes were carried.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn On 8 April 1916, the Admiralty approved fitting the destroyer with depth charges. Two depth charge launchers and two charges were carried.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Racoon was laid down at Cammell Laird's Birkenhead shipyard on 9 April 1909, was launched on 14 March the following year and completed during October.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was the sixth of the name to serve in the Royal Navy.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel was commissioned at Portsmouth and joined the First Destroyer Flotilla.[2] During the following year, the destroyer was deployed to Malta, arriving on 14 March.[3] In 1912, a reorganisation of the Home Fleet resulted in the ships of the Beagle class forming the Third Destroyer Flotilla.Шаблон:Sfn Racoon was recommissioned at Sheerness on 12 January and joined the flotilla at Harwich.[4] The vessel remained part of the Third Flotilla in March 1913.[5] Racoon subsequently joined the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla as part of the Mediterranean Fleet.[6]

As the First World War approached, Racoon was part of the Fourth Division of the Fifth Flotilla and based in Durazzo.Шаблон:Sfn Along with the armoured cruiser Шаблон:HMS, the destroyer was part of an international squadron under Rear Admiral Ernest Troubridge monitoring Albania, where the new German ruler, Wilhelm, Prince of Albania, was under threat from internal factions wishing to depose him.Шаблон:Sfn The two ships sailed to Malta, joining the rest of the flotilla on 29 July.Шаблон:Sfn The island had a coal shortage, which restricted the vessel's activity.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 August 1914, the destroyer was deployed searching for the German warships Шаблон:SMS and Шаблон:SMS but this was curtailed by a lack of fuel.Шаблон:Sfn On 13 August, the destroyer was deployed to Suez to deter the Ottoman Empire from restricting British access to the Suez Canal.Шаблон:Sfn The ship subsequently joined the force based in the Suez Canal and Red Sea to protect the sea lane for Allied shipping.Шаблон:Sfn Duties varied and included escorting the ex-Union-Castle Line ship Grantully Castle carrying the Suffolk Regiment from Alexandria to Malta on 9 October.Шаблон:Sfn Two weeks later, on 25 October, the destroyer was in the Gulf of Suez searching for mines.Шаблон:Sfn

Файл:HMS Racoon (1918) Gallipoli IWM SP 1117.jpg
Racoon (foreground) off Dardanelles during the Gallipoli campaign

On 19 November, Racoon sailed for Tenedos and spent the next year supporting the naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign.Шаблон:Sfn In preparation for the assault, the Admiralty decided to attack the defences on the Dardanelles strait with the pre-dreadnought battleships Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS. The attack was largely ineffective as the troops moved the batteries so they were safe from bombardment. On 26 February, Racoon, alongside sister ship Шаблон:HMS, escorted the battleships Шаблон:HMS, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS as they attempted to land parties to attack the batteries.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This was also largely ineffective and also exposed the force to the presence of large minefields across the narrows of the Dardanelles straits.Шаблон:Sfn On the night of 1/2 March, along with sister ships Basilisk, Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS, the destroyer escorted trawlers attempting to clear the minefields. The force came under heavy fire from Turkish guns, and were forced to turn back before reaching the minefields.Шаблон:Sfn

On the night of 17/18 March, the destroyer was involved in another attempt to clear the mines, this time escorting three trawlers and two picket boats. Once again, they had to turn back under heavy fire.Шаблон:Sfn It was then decided to clear the minefields by day while the British and French battleships suppressed the Turkish guns that protected the minefields.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn This was attempted on the following day, with Basilisk, Grasshopper, Mosquito and Racoon again escorting the minesweeping trawlers.Шаблон:Sfn The attempt failed, however, with the fire from mobile guns forcing the minesweepers to turn back. Even more consequentially, the battleships Шаблон:Ship, Шаблон:HMS and Irresistible hit mines and sank.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Racoon was also damaged by a mine or shell while attempting to rescue the crew of Irresistible, but managed to avoid sinking.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Once repaired, the destroyer returned on 28 June to escort the protected cruiser Шаблон:HMS shelling Ottoman positions in support of the Lowland Division during the Battle of Gully Ravine.Шаблон:Sfn On 6 August, the ship carried troops of the IX Corps to their landing at Suvla Bay.Шаблон:Sfn

The following year saw Racooon still a member of the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla within the Mediterranean Fleet.[7] The year saw an intensification of submarine action by the Imperial German Navy in the Mediterranean Sea. In February alone, fifty ships, totalling Шаблон:Convert, were lost. Due to a lack of resources, the destroyers in the Mediterranean Fleet could only escort high value ships, like troopships.Шаблон:Sfn Racoon remained with the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla into 1917.[8] In March, the destroyer attacked a German submarine with depth charges while escorting the troopship Шаблон:HMS.Шаблон:Sfn However, by October that year, the vessel had moved to the Second Destroyer Flotilla, based at Buncrana in the north of Ireland.[9] The Admiralty deployed the destroyers based there as escorts to convoys to protect them from German submarines.Шаблон:Sfn The service was demanding, but succeeded in bringing many ships safely to port.Шаблон:Sfn However, Racoon did not last long in this role and, on 4 January 1918, ran aground in a snowstorm off the Irish coast.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn There were no survivors.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant numbers
Pennant number Date
HA7 January 1918Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:January 1918 shipwrecks Шаблон:Beagle class destroyer

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
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Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal


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