Английская Википедия:HMS Ruby (1910)

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HMS Ruby was one of 20 Шаблон:Sclass (later H-class) destroyers built for the Royal Navy that served in the First World War. The Acorn class were smaller than the preceding Шаблон:Sclass but oil-fired and better armed. Launched in 1910, the ship served with the Second Destroyer Flotilla, joining the Grand Fleet at the start of the war. The destroyer served in escort and patrol roles, protecting merchant ships against German submarines. Despite multiple sightings and attacks, no submarine was claimed destroyed. In 1915, escort service in the Irish Sea proved too much for the destroyer's hull, which leaked and needed to be repaired. In 1916, while escorting the ocean liner Шаблон:HMS, the destroyer was again damaged attacking what was thought to be a German submarine but transpired to be wreckage from a merchant ship sunk by Шаблон:SMU. In 1917, the vessel was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, joining the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla. After the Armistice, the destroyer served in the Black Sea until being placed in reserve in 1919. Ruby was sold to be broken up in 1921.

Design and description

Шаблон:Main After the preceding coal-burning Шаблон:Sclass, the Шаблон:Sclass saw a return to oil-firing. Pioneered by the Шаблон:Sclass2 of 1905 and Шаблон:HMS of 1907, using oil enabled a more efficient design, leading to a smaller vessel which also had increased deck space available for weaponry.Шаблон:Sfn Unlike previous destroyer designs, where the individual shipyards had been given discretion within the parameters set by the Admiralty, the Acorn class were a fixed design, with the propulsion machinery the only major variation between the different ships.Шаблон:Sfn This enabled costs to be reduced.Шаблон:Sfn The ships were later renamed H class.Шаблон:Sfn

Ruby had a length of Шаблон:Convert between perpendiculars and Шаблон:Convert overall, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a deep draught of Шаблон:Convert. Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.Шаблон:Sfn Power was provided by Parsons steam turbines fed by four White-Forster boilers and driving three shafts.Шаблон:Sfn Three funnels were fitted, the foremost tall and thin, the central short and thick and the aft narrow.Шаблон:Sfn The engines were rated at Шаблон:Convert which gave a design speed of Шаблон:Convert. On trial, Ruby achieved Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel carried Шаблон:Convert of fuel oil which gave a range of Шаблон:Convert at a cruising speed of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of two single [[BL 4 inch naval gun Mk VIII|BL Шаблон:Convert Mk VIII]] guns, one carried on the forecastle and another aft. Two single [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|QF 12-pounder Шаблон:Convert guns]] were mounted between the first two funnels.Шаблон:Sfn Two rotating [[British 21 inch torpedo|Шаблон:Convert]] torpedo tubes were mounted aft of the funnels, with two reloads carried, and a searchlight fitted between the tubes.Шаблон:Sfn The destroyer was later modified to carry a single Vickers QF 3-pounder Шаблон:Convert anti-aircraft gun, and depth charges for anti-submarine warfare.Шаблон:Sfn The ship's complement was 72 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

The 20 destroyers of the Acorn class were ordered by the Admiralty under the 1909–1910 Naval Programme. One of three in the class sourced from J. Samuel White, Ruby was laid down at the company's East Cowes shipyard on 15 February 1910 with yard number 1317 and launched on 4 November.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel was completed on 7 April 1911, the tenth ship in Royal Navy service to be given the name, the first recorded use being in 1596.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn On commissioning, Ruby joined the Second Destroyer Flotilla.[1][2] The flotilla was attached to the First Fleet.[3]

After the British Empire declared war on Germany at the beginning of the First World War in August 1914, the Flotilla became part of the Grand Fleet based at Scapa Flow.Шаблон:Sfn On 23 August, while sailing with the Fleet on an exercise, the destroyer reported seeing a submarine, but no other contact was made.Шаблон:Sfn On 18 September, the Flotilla was briefly deployed to the Kent coast, between Dover and Margate.Шаблон:Sfn Between 13 and 15 October, the Flotilla supported the battleships of the Grand Fleet in a practice cruise.Шаблон:Sfn Soon afterwards, the destroyers were deployed to Devonport to undertake escort and patrol duties, protecting merchant ships against German submarines.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn As February 1915 unfolded, the destroyer was detached to Barrow-in-Furness.Шаблон:Sfn From there, Ruby joined other destroyers under the command of Шаблон:HMS in escorting merchant ships in the Irish Sea. The operation was arduous and led to the ship's hull leaking and having to dock on 14 February, eventually returning to Scapa Flow four days later.Шаблон:Sfn On 7 May, the destroyer was involved in an unsuccessful search for the submarine Шаблон:SMU off the Butt of Lewis.Шаблон:Sfn Similarly, on 28 August, the flotilla took part in an anti-submarine patrol in the North Sea, accompanied by battleships and cruisers. Again, this was unsuccessful at destroying any submarines.Шаблон:Sfn

The destroyer was subsequently attached to the Admiral of Minesweeping based at Devonport.[4] The Devonport-based destroyers were responsible for escorting merchant ships travelling from North and South America, Gibraltar, Dakar and the Cape. Some of these carried very valuable cargo. For example, on 31 January 1917 the destroyer formed part of the escort for the ocean liner Шаблон:HMS that was carrying gold to Halifax, Nova Scotia.Шаблон:Sfn While escorting the vessel again a month later, Ruby rammed debris of a ship sunk by Шаблон:SMU, thinking it was a submarine, being severely damaged in the process.Шаблон:Sfn Meanwhile, the demand from the merchant marine for escorts was increasing. By April, between 120 and 140 vessels were needing escort as they arrived or departed from UK ports.Шаблон:Sfn However, on 28 May 1917, the repaired Ruby was left with only sister ship Шаблон:HMS as an ally to protect the myriad of vessels passing through, and as a consequence seven ships were sunk in the next two days.Шаблон:Sfn On 24 July, while patrolling off the coast of Plymouth, the destroyer attacked a German submarine with depth charges.Шаблон:Sfn A similar attack took place off Lough Swilly on 7 August. In both cases, once again, no hits were reported.Шаблон:Sfn

Soon afterwards, the destroyer was transferred to the Fifth Destroyer Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet.[5] On 20 January 1918, Ruby was based at the naval base in Malta undergoing refit.Шаблон:Sfn The introduction of convoys had improved the survivability of merchant ships, but submarine activity was still a significant threat.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn At the same time, the Otranto Barrage required between 27 and 31 destroyers on station each day, so there was substantial work to be done and the destroyer was soon back in service.Шаблон:Sfn[6] Although the Armistice of 11 November ended fighting on the Western Front, in the Black Sea, the Russian Revolution meant that the warship was still required to serve. On 25 November, the destroyer joined a large British naval flotilla that sailed to Sevastapol.Шаблон:Sfn On 15 December, Ruby arrived at Ismid escorting the Шаблон:Ship.Шаблон:Sfn The Russian vessel was commissioned on 24 December 1919 in Malta but was not handed to a Russian crew as planned due to a lack of personnel.Шаблон:Sfn

In the meantime, the Armistice meant that the Royal Navy needed to return to a peacetime level of strength and both the number of ships and the amount of staff reduced to save money.Шаблон:Sfn Ruby was placed in reserve at Nore.[7] This position did not last long. The harsh conditions of wartime operations, particularly the combination of high speed and poor weather, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised, meant that the destroyer was worn out.Шаблон:Sfn Ruby was sold to be broken up at Milford Haven to Thos. W. Ward on 9 May 1921.Шаблон:Sfn

Pennant numbers

Pennant Number Date
H85 December 1914Шаблон:Sfn
H98 January 1918Шаблон:Sfn
H22 January 1919Шаблон:Sfn

References

Citations

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Bibliography

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Шаблон:Acorn class destroyer

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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