Английская Википедия:HMS Tourmaline (1919)
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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristicsHMS Tourmaline was a Thornycroft Шаблон:Sclass2 destroyer, which served with the Royal Navy during the Greco-Turkish War and the Russian Civil War. Tourmaline was one of three destroyers ordered from Thornycroft in June 1917 with more powerful geared turbines than the majority of the class as well as design changes that improved seakeeping. Launched on 19 April 1919, the vessel operated as part of the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla serving with the Atlantic and Mediterranean Fleets. After serving in the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara, during which sister ships Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS were lost, Tourmaline led the Gibraltar Local Defence Flotilla. The London Naval Treaty, signed 1930, required the retirement of some destroyers to meet the Royal Navy's tonnage requirement and Tourmaline was chosen for retirement. The destroyer was decommissioned on 28 November 1931 after 12 years of service and broken up.
Design
Шаблон:Main Tourmaline was one of three Шаблон:Sclass2 destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty from Thornycroft in June 1917 as part of the Twelfth War Construction Programme.Шаблон:Sfn The design was based on the Шаблон:Sclass2 destroyer Шаблон:HMS built by the shipyard. Compared to the standard S-class vessels, the design, also known as Modified Rosalind, was longer, with a raised forward gun position and Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes moved to a new position, both of which improved seakeeping.Шаблон:Sfn They also had provision for triple torpedo tubes.Шаблон:Sfn In a similar way to previous designs, Thornycroft also installed more powerful machinery to give the warship a higher top speed. This also enabled a more stable hull design with a greater beam and a metacentric height of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn
Tourmaline had a overall length of Шаблон:Convert and a length of Шаблон:Convert between perpendiculars. Beam was Шаблон:Convert and draught Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load. Three Yarrow boilers fed steam to two sets of Brown-Curtis geared steam turbines rated at Шаблон:Convert and driving two shafts, giving a design speed of Шаблон:Convert in light load and Шаблон:Convert at full load. Two funnels were fitted, the forward one larger in diameter. A total of Шаблон:Convert of fuel oil was carried, giving a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.
Armament consisted of three [[QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII|QF Шаблон:Convert Mk IV]] guns on the ship's centreline.Шаблон:Sfn One was mounted raised on the forecastle, one between the funnels and one aft.Шаблон:Sfn The ship also mounted a single 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom anti-aircraft gun for air defence. A total of eight torpedoes were fitted, consisting of six Шаблон:Convert torpedo tubes in two triple rotating mounts aft and two Шаблон:Convert tubes on fixed mounts fitted athwartships.Шаблон:Sfn Complement was 90 officers and ratings.Шаблон:Sfn
Service
Laid down in January 1918 at Thornycroft's yard in Woolston, Southampton, Tourmaline was launched on 19 April 1919.Шаблон:Sfn On completion on 18 December that year, the ship joined the Fourth Destroyer Flotilla of the Atlantic Fleet under the Шаблон:Sclass2 light cruiser Шаблон:HMS.[1] As part of fleet led by the dreadnought battleship Шаблон:HMS, the ship was assigned to Constantinople as part of a wider presence to represent British interests in the conflicts in the Black Sea.Шаблон:Sfn The fleet was soon in action in support of the Volunteer Army fighting in the Southern Front of the Russian Civil War.Шаблон:Sfn For the destroyers, this often involved operations close to the coast in areas were the risks were highest. For example, while Tourmaline and sister ship Шаблон:HMS patrolled the area of the Black Sea between Novorossiysk and Tuapse between 1 and 10 November 1920, Tobago was fatally crippled after striking a mine.Шаблон:Sfn
Soon afterwards, Tourmaline was also damaged. After a period back in UK waters, when departing Portland on 17 January 1921 to rejoin the Fleet, the ship collided with the Yarrow-built Шаблон:Sclass2 destroyer Шаблон:HMS and had to instead sail to Portsmouth for repairs.[2] Soon afterwards, the Flotilla was allocated to the Mediterranean Fleet. The destroyer formed part of a fleet part of the Royal Navy's presence in the Greco-Turkish War.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was allocated to Constantinople and patrolled the areas around the Sea of Marmara[3] While on this service, the ship took on the survivors from sister ship Шаблон:HMS when that vessel sank on 24 September 1922 with the loss of ten lives.Шаблон:Sfn In September 1923, it was announced that Tourmaline and sister-ship Шаблон:HMS, part of the 8th Destroyer Flotilla, would be transferred to the Local Defence Flotilla at Gibraltar, replacing the R-class destroyers Шаблон:HMS and Шаблон:HMS.[4] On 15 May 1926, Tourmaline was recommissioned in Gibraltar to lead the Local Defence Flotilla.[5] On 22 April 1930, the London Naval Treaty was signed, which limited total destroyer tonnage in the Navy.Шаблон:Sfn Tourmaline was one of those chosen to be retired and, on 28 November 1931, the destroyer was sold to Thos. W. Ward and broken up at Grays.Шаблон:Sfn
Pennant numbers
| Pennant Number | Date |
|---|---|
| D83 | December 1919Шаблон:Sfn |
| D10 | January 1919Шаблон:Sfn |
| H00 | November 1919Шаблон:Sfn |
References
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Шаблон:Refend Шаблон:S class destroyers (1917)
