Английская Википедия:HMS Zephyr (1895)

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HMS Zephyr was one of two Шаблон:Sclasss which served with the Royal Navy. She was launched on 10 May 1895 from Hanna, Donald & Wilson at Paisley, Scotland. She served in home waters, and was sold in 1920.

Construction and design

HMS Zephyr was one of two "twenty-seven knotter" torpedo boat destroyers ordered from the Scottish shipyard Hanna, Donald & Wilson on 7 November 1893 as part of the Royal Navy's 1893–1894 construction programme.[1]Шаблон:Refn The Admiralty laid down broad requirements for the destroyers, including a speed of Шаблон:Convert on sea trials, a "turtleback" forecastle and armament, which was to vary depending on whether the ship was to be used in the torpedo boat or gunboat role.[2] As a torpedo boat, the planned armament was a single QF 12 pounder 12 cwt (Шаблон:Convert calibre)Шаблон:Refn gun on a platform on the ship's conning tower (in practice the platform was also used as the ship's bridge), together with a secondary gun armament of three 6-pounder guns, and two 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes. As a gunboat, one of the torpedo tubes could be removed to accommodate a further two six-pounders.[3][4][5]Шаблон:Refn Detailed design was left to the builders (although all designs were approved by the Admiralty), resulting in each of the builders producing different designs rather the ships being built to a standard design.[6][7]

Zephyr was Шаблон:Convert long overall and Шаблон:Convert between perpendiculars, with a beam of Шаблон:Convert[1][8] and a draught of Шаблон:Convert.[9] Displacement was Шаблон:Convert normal and Шаблон:Convert full load.[8] As originally built, the ship was powered by two triple expansion steam engines rated at Шаблон:Convert, fed from two locomotive boilers, with the boilers' outtakes ducted together into a single funnel.[10]Шаблон:Refn

Zephyr was laid down at Hanna, Donald & Wilson's Paisley yard on 23 May 1894 and launched on 10 May 1895.[1] The fire-tube locomotive boilers chosen by Hanna, Donald & Wilson, and the two ships were unable to reach the required speed. In August 1897, it was agreed to replace the locomotive boilers with four Reed water tube boilers, which resulted in the ships' single funnels being removed and replaced by four funnels. Despite the revised machinery, Zephyr and sister ship Шаблон:HMS were still unable to reach the contract speed of 27 knots, but were eventually accepted into service, with Zephyr completing in July 1901, the last of the "twenty-seven knotters" to enter service with the Royal Navy.[11][12]

Service history

Zephyr took part in the Naval Manoeuvres in July 1901.[13] In August 1901, Zephyr was commissioned at Devonport by the officers and crew of the destroyer Шаблон:HMS, whose place she took as instructional tender to Cambridge, gunnery school ship,[14] and took part in the 1901 Naval Manoeuvres.[15] Although contemporary reports suggested that Zephyr and her sister would be allocated to the Australian station,[16] the two ships served their whole career in British waters.[17] Zephyr served in the Portsmouth instructional flotilla until she was paid off at Portsmouth in April 1902, and docked to be strengthened,[18] after she and her sister suffered hull damage below the waterline while being driven into a head sea in heavy weather in the English Channel.[19] Lieutenant George Norman Ballard was appointed in command on 21 June 1902,[20] and she took part in the fleet review held at Spithead on 16 August 1902 for the coronation of King Edward VII.[21] Two years later, on 18 August 1904 Zephyr was rammed by Torpedo Boat No. 68 in Portsmouth Harbour and holed below the waterline by the torpedo boat's ram, flooding ZephyrШаблон:'s engine room. The torpedo boat was undamaged.[22][23][24] Zephyr was involved in another collision on 4 February 1908 when she struck the Cricket-class coastal destroyer TB 2 in Portsmouth harbour, holing TB 2Шаблон:' s hull and forcing her to be docked for repair.[25]

Between 1910 and 1912, Zephyr served as part of the Sixth Destroyer Flotilla based at The Nore.[24] On 14 June 1911 Zephyr collided with the destroyer Шаблон:HMS during night exercises off the mouth of the River Thames. One of ZebraШаблон:'s six-pounder guns and two of her boats were knocked into the sea, but no crew were injured.[26] After repair, Zephyr was attached to the Harwich submarine flotilla, relieving the destroyer Шаблон:HMS.[27] On 30 August 1912 the Admiralty directed all destroyers were to be grouped into classes designated by letters based on contract speed and appearance. After 30 September 1913, as a 27-knotter, Zephyr was assigned to the A class.[28][29][30]

By February 1913, Zephyr was not part of an active flotilla, but was attached as a tender to the torpedo school at Chatham, with a nucleus crew,[31] although she was in full commission by May 1913.[32] She remained part of the torpedo school based at Chatham on the eve of the outbreak of the First World War.[33]

Zephyr joined the Nore Local Defence Flotilla on the outbreak of war,[34] remaining a part of that formation in August 1916,[35] and after a break, from November that year.[36][37] Zephyr underwent a long refit in the summer of 1917,[38] remaining as part of the Nore Local Defence Flotilla, until February 1918, when she joined the Irish Sea Flotilla.[39][40] Zephyr continued operations in the Irish Sea, based at Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire) in the south of Ireland, until the end of the war.[41]

She was sold on 10 February 1920 to the ship breakers Thos. W. Ward at their Rainham yard.[30]

Notes

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Citations

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Fervent class destroyer

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Lyon 2001, p. 75.
  2. ↑ Lyon 2001, p. 20.
  3. ↑ Lyon 2001, p. 98.
  4. ↑ Lyon 2001, pp. 98–99.
  5. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 40.
  6. ↑ Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 87.
  7. ↑ Manning 1961, p. 39.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Friedman 2009, p. 291.
  9. ↑ Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, p. 92.
  10. ↑ Lyon 2001, pp. 20–21, 75.
  11. ↑ Lyon 2001, pp. 75–76.
  12. ↑ Friedman 2009, p. 44.
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  15. ↑ Brassey 1902, p. 90.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Lyon 2001, p. 76.
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  19. ↑ Lyon 2009, p. 112.
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newspaper The Times
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite magazine
  28. ↑ Gardiner and Gray 1985, p. 18.
  29. ↑ Manning 1961, pp. 17–18.
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 Dittmar and Colledge 1972, p. 56.
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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