Английская Википедия:HOK (firm)

HOK, formerly Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum and legally HOK Group, Inc., is an American design, architecture, engineering, and urban planning firm, founded in 1955.

History

Founding

HOK was established in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1955.^[1] The firm is named for its three founding partners: George F. Hellmuth, Gyo Obata and George Kassabaum, all graduates of the School of Architecture at Washington University in St. Louis.^[1]

The practice's first building designs were schools in St. Louis suburbs, and St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Florissant was the first independent school designed by the firm. Another prominent school they designed was the Saint Louis Priory School.

Early years

By the mid-1960s, the firm was winning commissions across the United States and began to open additional offices, starting with San Francisco in 1966 for the design of a library at Stanford University and Dallas in 1968 for the master planning and design of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.^[2]^[3] Also in 1968, HOK launched its interior design practice. HOK also expanded into Washington, D.C., after winning the commission to design the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. In 1973, HOK established a presence in New York by acquiring Kahn & Jacobs, designers of many New York City skyscrapers. By the 1970s, the firm was operating internationally and in 1975 the firm was named as architect of the $3.5 billion King Saud University in Riyadh, at the time the single largest building project in the world.^[4] In 1979, George Kassabaum was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician.

In 1983, HOK formed HOK Sport Venue Event, a subsidiary devoted entirely to designing sport stadiums, arenas, and convention centers, an architectural boom market at the time.^[4] In January 2009, the Board of HOK Group, Inc. and managers of HOK Sports Facilities, LLC transferred ownership of HOK Sport to leaders of that practice. The company became an independent firm, and rebranded itself as Populous.^[5]

Expansion and acquisitions

HOK's first office outside the US opened in Hong Kong in 1984, and the second in London in 1987, a practice that would be expanded in 1995 by merging with the British architectural practice Cecil Denny Highton. As of April 2021, HOK operates offices in seven different countries including the US, China, India, and Canada,^[6] where it established its first offices in 1997 with the acquisition of Urbana Architects.^[7] The firm expanded into China in 2013, when it acquired the New York and Shanghai offices of hospitality design firm BBG-BBGM, creating one of the world's largest interior design firms,^[8] although BBG-BBGM's office in Washington, D.C. continues to operate as BBGM. By 2007, international work represented more than 40% of HOK's annual revenue.^[9]

Other domestic acquisitions include Caudill Rowlett Scott based in Houston, Texas, in November 1994, adding offices in Houston and Atlanta, and 360 Architecture in January 2015, a 200-person, Kansas City-based firm specializing in the design of stadiums, ballparks, arenas, recreation and wellness centers, and mixed-use entertainment districts. The acquisition enabled HOK to launch a new global Sports, Recreation, and Entertainment design practice after the breakaway of Populous, and to open new offices in Kansas City and Columbus, Ohio.^[10] This return to the firm's tradition of stadium architecture was buoyed on May 15, 2015, when the firm announced a multi-year partnership with the United Soccer League (USL) in the US to lead a stadium development, design and standards initiative to help house all USL clubs in soccer-specific stadiums across North America by the end of the decade.^[11]

Leadership

In 2023, Eli Hoisington and Susan Klumpp Williams became co-CEOs of HOK.^[12] They are the youngest and first female CEOs in HOK’s history. Carl Galioto serves as HOK’s president.^[13] Hoisington and Klumpp Williams succeeded Bill Hellmuth, founder George Hellmuth’s nephew, who was president of the firm from 2004 to 2016 and CEO from 2016 until his passing in 2023. Prior to Bill Hellmuth, Patrick MacLeamy, served as HOK’s CEO from 2003 to 2016, and chairman since 2012.^[14] MacLeamy succeeded HOK Chairman Bill Valentine when he retired after 50 years with the firm.

Innovation and sustainable design

In 1983, HOK introduced HOK Draw, computer-aided drafting software products that specialized in conceptual architectural design. In the early 2000s, HOK began using Building Information Modeling (BIM) to streamline the design and construction process.^[15]

In September 2008, HOK announced an alliance with the Biomimicry Group, co-founded by Janine Benyus.^[16] In 2010, HOK and energy and daylighting consultant The Weidt Group completed design of Net Zero Court, a 170,735-square-foot, market-rate, zero-emissions class A commercial office building in St. Louis.^[17]

In 2013, HOK and Biomimicry 3.8 released the Genius of Biome report, a textbook for how to apply biomimicry design principles,^[18] and a year later in 2014, ORO Editions published "HOK Tall Buildings", a 300-page book exploring the design of the contemporary high-rise.^[19]

Publications

Шаблон:Cite book

Selected projects

1962: The Priory Chapel, St. Louis, Missouri, United States^[20]
1970: Houston Galleria, Houston, Texas, United States
1970: Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, California, United States
1975: King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
1976: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C., United States
1977 Hulen Mall, Fort Worth, Texas, United States
1979: Cecil H. Green Library, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
1981: Moscone Center, San Francisco, California, United States
1981: Metropolitan Square, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
1982: Levi's Plaza, San Francisco, California, United States
1983: King Khaled International Airport, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
1985: St. Louis Union Station Renovation and Redevelopment, St. Louis, Missouri, United States^[21]
1986: BP Building Cleveland, Ohio, United States
1986: Kellogg Company Headquarters Battle Creek, Michigan, United States
1986: Riverchase Galleria Birmingham, Alabama, United States
1991: 801 Grand, Des Moines, Iowa, United States (tallest building in Iowa)
1992: Schapiro Center for Engineering and Physical Science Research (CEPSR), Columbia University, New York City, United States
1993: Apple Inc. R&D Campus, Cupertino, California, United States
1994: Independence Temple, Independence, Missouri, United States^[22]
1995: Tokyo Telecom Center, Tokyo, Japan (co-designers)
1996: Tuntex Sky Tower, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
1996–1997: Nortel Brampton Centre HQ, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
1997: Foreign and Commonwealth Office Restoration, London, England
1997: George Bush Presidential Library, College Station, Texas, United States (on the campus of Texas A&M University)^[23]
1999: Northwestern Memorial Hospital Facility Replacement and Redevelopment, Chicago, Illinois, United States (co-designers)
1999: Edificio Malecon Office Tower, Buenos Aires, Argentina
1999: Boeing Leadership Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
1999: American Airlines Arena (home of NBA Miami Heat), Miami, Florida, United States^[24]
2000: Passenger Terminal Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2000: Nationwide Arena (home of NHL Columbus Blue Jackets), Columbus, Ohio, United States^[24]
2001: United States Environmental Protection Agency Research Center, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States (1.2 million-sq.-ft. campus)
2002: Darwin Centre at the Natural History Museum, Passenger Terminal Cork, Cork Airport, Ireland
2002: Alfred A. Arraj U.S. Courthouse, Denver, Colorado, United States
2003: Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum, Chantilly, Virginia, United States
2004: Harlem Hospital Center Master Plan and Patient Pavilion, New York City, United States
2005: Cisco Systems Executive Briefing Center Interior Design, San Jose, California, United States
2005: Terminal A at Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts, United States (world's first LEED certified air terminal building)^[25]
2005: Stockton Arena (home of ECHL Stockton Thunder), Stockton, California, United States^[24]
2006: Lavasa Hill Station Master Plan and Design Guidelines, Moss Valley, Pune, India
2006: Natural History Museum of the Adirondacks (The Wild Center), Tupper Lake, New York, United States
2006: SJ Berwin European Headquarters Interior Design, London, England, (Business Week/Architectural Record Award winner)
2007: Dubai Marina, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2007: Hyatt on the Bund, Shanghai, China
2007: Sprint Center, Kansas City, Missouri, United States^[26]
2008: Frost Art Museum, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
2008: Midfield Terminal at the Indianapolis International Airport, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States (master designer)
2008: Kansas City Power & Light District, Kansas City, Missouri, United States^[27]
2009: Doha City Centre, Doha, Qatar, (design of five hotel towers for largest retail development in the Middle East)
2009: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia's first LEED certified project and the world's largest LEED Platinum project)
2009: Carnival House, head office of Carnival UK, Southampton, England^[28]
2009: Bakrie Tower, Jakarta, Indonesia
2009: Huntington Park (home of Triple-A MiLB Columbus Clippers), Columbus, Ohio, United States
2010: Indira Gandhi International Airport – Terminal 3, Delhi, India (LEED Gold certification)
2010: New Building 20 at NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, (LEED Platinum certification)
2010: MetLife Stadium (home of NFL New York Giants and NFL New York Jets), East Rutherford, New Jersey, United States^[29]
2011: Salvador Dalí Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida^[30]
2011: Brigade Gateway Enclave, Bengaluru, India
2011: Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower, Hanoi, Vietnam (tallest building in Vietnam)^[31]
2012: Canon USA Headquarters, Melville, New York
2012: Baku Flame Towers, Baku, Azerbaijan^[32]
2012: Harlem Hospital Center Mural Pavilion, New York City
2013: San Francisco Mint Adaptive Reuse, San Francisco, California
2013: BBC Broadcasting House Headquarters Workplace Strategy and Interior Design, London, England^[33]
2013: Husky Stadium (home of University of Washington football), Seattle, Washington, United States
2013: Auburn University Recreation & Wellness Center, Auburn, Alabama, United States
2014: 535 Mission Street, San Francisco, California, United States
2014: Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center, Anaheim, California, United States
2014: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Inouye Regional Center, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, United States
2014: Hamad International Airport Passenger Terminal Complex, Doha, Qatar
2015: PayPal Park (home of MLS San Jose Earthquakes), San Jose, California, United States
2015: Porsche U.S. Headquarters and Customer Experience Center, Atlanta, Georgia^[34]
2015: University of Chicago William Eckhardt Research Center, Chicago, Illinois
2016: Abu Dhabi National Oil Company Headquarters, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
2016: Rogers Place (home of NHL Edmonton Oilers), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
2016: Perot Tower, Mixed Use, Dallas, Texas^[35]
2016: St Bartholomew's Hospital Redevelopment and King George V Building, London, England
2017: University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
2017: Capital Market Authority Tower, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2017: Mercedes-Benz Stadium (home of the NFL's Atlanta Falcons and MLS Atlanta United FC) Atlanta, Georgia, United States
2017: Little Caesars Arena (home of NHL's Detroit Red Wings and NBA's Detroit Pistons), Detroit, Michigan, United States
2018: Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport Passenger Terminal Modernization, Atlanta
2018: Central and Wolfe Campus, Sunnyvale, California, United States
2018: Kentucky International Convention Center Redevelopment, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
2018: LG Science Park, Seoul, South Korea
2019: FC Barcelona New Palau Blaugrana Arena, Barcelona, Spain
2019: Las Vegas Ballpark (home of Pacific Coast League Las Vegas Aviators), Summerlin, Nevada, United States
2020: World Trade Center Towers, Chennai, India
2020: Lynn Family Stadium (home of the USL Championship's Louisville City FC and the NWSL's Racing Louisville FC), Louisville, Kentucky, United States
2020: Spire London Skyscraper, London, England
2020: LaGuardia Airport Central Terminal B, Queens, New York (Phase 1)^[36]
2021: UPMC Vision and Rehabilitation Hospital at UPMC Mercy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
2022: AdventHealth Training Center, Orlando, Florida, United States^[37]
2024: Roig Arena, Valencia, Spain^[38]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Official website

Шаблон:Authority control

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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↑ Staff (June 23, 2008) "Uncertain Economy Pushes Design Firms To Diversify Their Portfolios" Engineering News-Record
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↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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↑ Staff (January 30, 2007) "BIM at HOK", AEC Magazine January 30, 2007.
↑ Merchant, Brian (September 22, 2009) "HOK and Biomimicry Guild Forge Alliance for Bio-Inspired Design Excellence" Шаблон:Webarchive TreeHugger
↑ Valentine, Bill (October 2010) "Net Zero: Two global design firms issue a call to action and lead by example" Шаблон:Webarchive, Contract
↑ Badore, Margaret (June 20, 2013) "Genius of Biome Report: A Biomimicry Primer", TreeHugger
↑ Staff (May 1, 2014) "HOK Tall Buildings",ORO Editions
↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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↑ ^24,0 ^24,1 ^24,2 Шаблон:Cite web
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[:0-1] 1,0 ^1,1 Шаблон:Cite web

[2] Шаблон:Cite web

[3] Шаблон:Cite journal

[anatomy-4] 4,0 ^4,1 Шаблон:Cite web

[5] Шаблон:Cite web

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[7] Шаблон:Cite web

[8] Шаблон:Cite news

[9] Staff (June 23, 2008) "Uncertain Economy Pushes Design Firms To Diversify Their Portfolios" Engineering News-Record

[10] Шаблон:Cite web

[11] Шаблон:Cite news

[12] Шаблон:Cite web

[13] Шаблон:Cite web

[14] Шаблон:Cite web

[15] Staff (January 30, 2007) "BIM at HOK", AEC Magazine January 30, 2007.

[16] Merchant, Brian (September 22, 2009) "HOK and Biomimicry Guild Forge Alliance for Bio-Inspired Design Excellence" Шаблон:Webarchive TreeHugger

[17] Valentine, Bill (October 2010) "Net Zero: Two global design firms issue a call to action and lead by example" Шаблон:Webarchive, Contract

[18] Badore, Margaret (June 20, 2013) "Genius of Biome Report: A Biomimicry Primer", TreeHugger

[19] Staff (May 1, 2014) "HOK Tall Buildings",ORO Editions

[20] Шаблон:Cite web

[21] Шаблон:Cite web

[22] Шаблон:Cite web

[23] Шаблон:Cite web

[:1-24] 24,0 ^24,1 ^24,2 Шаблон:Cite web

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Английская Википедия:HOK (firm)

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