Английская Википедия:HSwMS Äran

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Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HSwMS Äran (Swedish language: "Honour") was a Swedish first class coastal defence ship (Pansarskepp). A development of Шаблон:HSwMS, the Äran class mounted the same Шаблон:Convert main guns, but differed in the layout of the secondary armament. The vessel was launched in 1901 by Gustaf V breaking a bottle of champagne on her bow, the last time that ceremony took place following complaints that breaking wine on a ship was sacrilegious. The warship served on neutrality patrols in the First World War and was damaged after running aground in 1932. In the period immediately before the Second World War, the ship's armament was deemed out of date, and in 1939 and 1940 significant improvement to the vessel's anti-aircraft capability were made with the addition of [[Bofors 25 mm M/32|Шаблон:Convert]], [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun|Шаблон:Convert]] and Шаблон:Convert guns. After the war, the Swedish Navy decided to retire all its coastal defence ships. Äran was retired in 1947 and sold to be broken up in 1951, the last sections of the ship finally sinking in 1968.

Design and development

Шаблон:Main Between 1880 and 1905 the Swedish Navy launched 12 coastal defence ships, to counter the Imperial Russian Navy.Шаблон:Sfn The Шаблон:Sclass was a development of Шаблон:HSwMS retaining the same main armament but with the secondary armament mounted in turrets to improve protection and angles of fire. Äran was the lead of the class.Шаблон:Sfn Originally designated armoured boats (Шаблон:Lang) in Swedish, the vessels were reclassified as armoured ships (Шаблон:Lang) in the 1920s.Шаблон:Sfn

Äran had an overall length of Шаблон:Convert and measured Шаблон:Convert at the waterline, a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum draught of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Normal displacement was Шаблон:Convert although, in 1912, displacement was reported as Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Eight Yarrow boilers fed steam to two sets of triple-expansion steam engines provided by Motała AB and rated at Шаблон:Convert driving two shafts, giving a design speed of Шаблон:Convert. Two funnels were fitted. A full load of Шаблон:Convert of coal was carried, which gave a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn During sea trials, on 21 August 1902, the vessel achieved Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The ship had a complement of 285 officers and ratings, later expanded to 301.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of two single Bofors Шаблон:Convert guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centreline, one fore and the other aft. Each of the guns weighed Шаблон:Convert and could fire a Шаблон:Convert shell at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert. The mounting, designated M1894, used electric training and manual elevation.Шаблон:Sfn Secondary armament consisted of six Bofors Шаблон:Convert guns mounted singularly in turrets amidships.Шаблон:Sfn These guns, which had an actual calibre of Шаблон:Convert and weighed Шаблон:Convert, could fire a Шаблон:Convert shell at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert. The M1899 mounting was manually trained and elevated.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was also armed with a tertiary armament of eight single Bofors Шаблон:Convert guns distributed around the superstructure and two submerged Elswick torpedo tubes for Шаблон:Convert torpedoes.Шаблон:Sfn

Armour included a Шаблон:Convert-long armoured belt that was Шаблон:Convert thick amidships. It consisted of surface-hardened Krupp armour backed by Шаблон:Convert of teak. The main armament was protected by barbettes were Шаблон:Convert thick and turrets having an armouted face Шаблон:Convert thick and the remainder Шаблон:Convert thick. The secondary armament sat on barbettes protected by Шаблон:Convert nickel-steel armour, the turrets having a face Шаблон:Convert thick, sides Шаблон:Convert thick and a roof Шаблон:Convert thick. The conning tower was protected by Шаблон:Convert armour.Шаблон:Sfn Flat to the belt was deck armour that was Шаблон:Convert thick.Шаблон:Sfn Four Шаблон:Convert searchlights were carried. A Шаблон:Convert rangefinder was fitted in 1906.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Äran was ordered from the Lindholmens shipyard in Gothenburg, on 12 October 1898 at a cost of SEK 2,698,000. The ship was the second of the name, which can be translated "honour", in service with the navy.Шаблон:Sfn Laid down in 1899, the ship was launched on 14 August 1901 and completed on 7 September 1902.Шаблон:Sfn Delivery had been delayed by three months because, on 23 January 1900, it had been decided to equip the vessel as a flagship, so additional accommodation was fitted for a flag officer and the attendant staff required to serve in this role.Шаблон:Sfn Gustaf V launched the ship by breaking a bottle of champagne on her bow. However, complaints from a prelate that breaking wine of a ship was sacrilegious meant that this was the last time this ceremony was performed.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was commissioned into the coastal defence fleet based at Karlskrona.Шаблон:Sfn

Between 19 and 24 August 1906, the vessel joined sister ship Шаблон:HSwMS and other ships of the Swedish Navy to host the British Cruiser Squadron under Admiral Day Bosanquet at Gothenburg. After a refit in 1914, the ship served during the First World War protecting the nation's trade routes and shipping fleet due to Sweden's neutrality in the war.Шаблон:Sfn On 30 April 1932, the warship ran aground in the Stockholm Archipelago, damaging the steering gear so badly that the ship slewed 90 degrees. One of the compartments flooded, but otherwise damage was minimal and the crew managed to release the vessel without assistance. Repairs took two weeks to complete. Shortly afterwards, the rudder broke in high seas and Äran was once again repaired, this time at Hårsfjärden.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was decommissioned and placed in reserve in 1933. Шаблон:Sfn

At the cusp of the Second World War, on September 1939, the ship was recommissioned. An assessment of the weaponry found it was outdated. Particularly, it was considered that the main armament, which had a daytime range of Шаблон:Convert but only Шаблон:Convert at night, would be easily outranged by modern German and Soviet guns.Шаблон:Sfn The engines were in poor condition, with the vessel incapable of exceeding Шаблон:Convert. The anchor chain and other equipment was also tired and needing replacing.Шаблон:Sfn A refit was undertaken, in which the tertiary artillery was replaced by four Bofors Шаблон:Convert and two [[Bofors 25 mm M/32|Bofors Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft guns added.Шаблон:Sfn During the following year, the torpedo tubes were removed and two [[Bofors 40 mm L/60 gun|Bofors Шаблон:Convert]] anti-aircraft were added.Шаблон:Sfn The warship joined the squadron at Åland, returning to Karskrona before long.Шаблон:Sfn In 1942, the ship was decommissioned, hulked and redeployed as a floating barracks. After the war, Sweden decided to retire the whole fleet of coastal defence ships. On 13 June 1947, Äran was taken out of service and, in 1951, was sold to Marinverkstaderna of Karlskrona to be broken up. The vessel was partially cut up, some of the hull being repurposed as a pontoon near Falkenberg. This sank on 1 November 1968 at a depth of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn

Bibliography

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