Английская Википедия:HSwMS Tapperheten (1901)

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Шаблон:Infobox ship imageШаблон:Infobox ship careerШаблон:Infobox ship characteristics

HSwMS Tapperheten was a Шаблон:Sclass that served with the Swedish Navy. A development of Шаблон:HSwMS, the Äran class mounted the same Шаблон:Convert main guns, but differed in the layout of the secondary armament. The vessel was launched in 1901 and served with the coastal defence squadron at Karlskrona. In 1907, the warship attended a naval review by Edward VII. Tapperheten ran aground off the island of Sandön in 1914, earning the nickname, Шаблон:Lang (Permanence) due to the lack of damage received until the vessel was refloated six months later. Subsequently, the vessel served in the First World War protecting Sweden's neutrality. The warship gained a second nickname, Шаблон:Lang, for losing an anchor in 1927. After an upgrade to the anti-aircraft armament, the ship also served in the Second World War before retiring in 1947 and being sold to be broken up in 1952.

Design and development

Шаблон:Main Between 1880 and 1905 the Swedish Navy launched 12 coastal defence battleships, to counter the Imperial Russian Navy.Шаблон:Sfn The Шаблон:Sclass was a development of Шаблон:HSwMS retaining the same main armament but with the secondary armament mounted in turrets to improve protection and angles of fire. Tapperheten was the third of the class to be laid down, and the first from Kockums of Malmö.Шаблон:Sfn Originally designated armoured boats (Шаблон:Lang) in Swedish, the vessels were reclassified as armoured ships (Шаблон:Lang) in the 1920s.Шаблон:Sfn

Tapperheten had an overall length of Шаблон:Convert and measured Шаблон:Convert at the waterline, a beam of Шаблон:Convert and a maximum draught of Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Normal displacement was Шаблон:Convert although, in 1912, displacement was reported as Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn Eight Yarrow boilers fed steam to two sets of triple-expansion steam engines rated at Шаблон:Convert driving two shafts, giving a design speed of Шаблон:Convert. Two funnels were fitted. A full load of Шаблон:Convert of coal was carried, which gave a design range of Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn During sea trials, on 4 March 1903, the ship achieved Шаблон:Convert at Шаблон:Convert.Шаблон:Sfn The ship had a complement of 285 officers and ratings, later expanded to 301.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Armament consisted of two single Bofors Шаблон:Convert guns mounted in turrets on the ship's centreline, one fore and the other aft. Each of the guns weighed Шаблон:Convert and could fire a Шаблон:Convert shell at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert. The mounting, designated M1894, used electric training and manual elevation.Шаблон:Sfn Secondary armament consisted of six Bofors Шаблон:Convert guns mounted singularly in turrets amidships.Шаблон:Sfn These guns, which had an actual calibre of Шаблон:Convert and weighed Шаблон:Convert, could fire a Шаблон:Convert shell at a muzzle velocity of Шаблон:Convert. The M1899 mounting was manually trained and elevated.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was also armed with eight single Bofors Шаблон:Convert guns distributed around the superstructure and two submerged Elswick torpedo tubes for Шаблон:Convert torpedoes.Шаблон:Sfn

Armour included a Шаблон:Convert-long armoured belt that was Шаблон:Convert thick amidships. It consisted of surface-hardened Krupp armour backed by Шаблон:Convert of teak. The main armament was protected by barbettes were Шаблон:Convert thick and turrets having an armouted face Шаблон:Convert thick and the remainder Шаблон:Convert thick. The secondary armament sat on barbettes protected by Шаблон:Convert nickel-steel armour, the turrets having a face Шаблон:Convert thick, sides Шаблон:Convert thick and a roof Шаблон:Convert thick. The conning tower was protected by Шаблон:Convert armour.Шаблон:Sfn Flat to the belt was deck armour that was Шаблон:Convert thick.Шаблон:Sfn Two Шаблон:Convert searchlights and a Шаблон:Convert rangefinder were later fitted.Шаблон:Sfn

Construction and career

Coastal defence ship Tapperheten

Tapperheten after 1940

Tapperheten was ordered from Kokums in October 1898 at a cost of SEK 2,390,000.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel was the second to be named Шаблон:Lang, meaning courage, the first being a ship of the line launched by the same shipyard in 1785. Laid down on 12 October, the ship was launched on 7 November 1901 and completed in 1902.Шаблон:Sfn The ship was commissioned into the coastal defence fleet based at Karlskrona.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

On 3 August 1907, the vessel joined with Шаблон:HSwMS and two other ships of the Swedish Navy at a naval review by Edward VII in The Solent. Four days later the ship led the squadron into Portsmouth where the sailors were hosted by staff of the Royal Naval Barracks and HMS Excellent. On 28 January 1914, Tapperheten ran aground off the coast of the island of Sandön while manoeuvring in the Stockholm Archipelago. Despite numerous attempts, it was not possible to refloat the ship until 10 July. During this time, the vessel was repeatedly battered by waves and yet stayed generally unharmed with all bulkheads remaining watertight and the hull in good condition, gaining the nickname Шаблон:Lang, or Permanence, in the process. After a short repair, Tapperheten was recommissioned into the coastal defence fleet, the process sped up due to the ongoing First World War. The cost of the damage and repair was SEK 1,340,808.Шаблон:Sfn The ship served for the remainder of the conflict protect the nation's trade routes and shipping fleet due to Sweden's neutrality in the war.Шаблон:Sfn In 1927, the warship received a second nickname, Шаблон:Lang, meaning anchor losing, in honour of the loss of an anchor in the English Channel.Шаблон:Sfn

At the start of the Second World War, the warship was used as a flagship.Шаблон:Sfn The ship's weaponry was considered outdated and so was upgraded between 1939 and 1940.Шаблон:Sfn The torpedo tubes were removed and four Шаблон:Convert and two Шаблон:Convert anti-aircraft guns added.Шаблон:Sfn The vessel was transferred to Karlskrona.Шаблон:Sfn On 17 September 1941, the warship was at anchor at Hårsfjärden when the destroyer Шаблон:HSwMS exploded in the Hårsfjärden disaster. Tapperheten was undamaged in the incident.Шаблон:Sfn During that year, the vessel was allocated to the squadron based at Stockholm, before returning to Karlskrona the following year.Шаблон:Sfn After the war, Sweden decided to retire the whole fleet of coastal defence ships. On 13 July 1947, Tapperheten was taken out of service and, in 1952, was sold to AB Vrng to be broken up at Oxelösund.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Bibliography

• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book
• Шаблон:Cite book