Английская Википедия:Ha'penny Bridge
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:About Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Hiberno-English Шаблон:Infobox bridge
The Ha'penny Bridge (Шаблон:IPAc-en Шаблон:Respell; Шаблон:Irish place name, or Droichead na Life), known later for a time as the Penny Ha'penny Bridge, and officially the Liffey Bridge, is a pedestrian bridge built in May 1816 over the River Liffey in Dublin, Ireland.[1][2] Made of cast iron, the bridge was cast in Shropshire, England.[3]
Name
Originally called the Wellington Bridge (after the Dublin-born Duke of Wellington), the name of the bridge was changed to Liffey Bridge after the Irish War of Independence in 1922. Liffey Bridge (Шаблон:Irish place name)[4] remains the bridge's official name to this day, although it is most commonly referred to as the Ha'penny Bridge.
History
Before the Ha'penny Bridge was built there were seven ferries, operated by a William Walsh, across the Liffey.[1] The ferries were in a bad condition and Walsh was informed that he had to either fix them or build a bridge. Walsh chose the latter option and was granted the right to extract a ha'penny toll from anyone crossing it for 100 years.[5]
Initially the toll charge was based not on the cost of construction, but to match the charges levied by the ferries it replaced. A further condition of construction was that, if the citizens of Dublin found the bridge and toll to be "objectionable" within its first year of operation, it was to be removed at no cost to the city.[6]
The toll was increased for a time to a penny-ha'penny (1½ pence), but was eventually dropped in 1919. While the toll was in operation, there were turnstiles at either end of the bridge.
The manufacture of the bridge was commissioned by the then Lord Mayor of Dublin, John Claudius Beresford with the Coalbrookdale Company of England. Using ore originally mined in County Leitrim's Sliabh an Iarainn,[7] the bridge's cast iron ribs were made in 18 sections and then shipped to Dublin. The design and erection was supervised by John Windsor, one of the company's foremen and a pattern-maker.[8]
Renovation and maintenance
In 2001, the number of pedestrians using the bridge on a daily basis was 27,000 and, given these traffic levels, a structural survey indicated that renovation was required.[6] The bridge was closed for repair and renovations during 2001 and was reopened in December 2001,[3] sporting its original white colour.
The structure was rebuilt to retain many of its old components, although, controversially, some features were removed. The repair work was carried out by Harland and Wolff.[9]
In 2012, citing a maintenance and damage risk, Dublin City Council removed a number of love locks from the Ha'penny Bridge and nearby Millennium Bridge, and asked people not to add any more.[10] In 2013, the council removed over Шаблон:Convert of locks from the bridge, and signage was added asking people not to put padlocks on the bridge.[11][12]
On 19 May 2016, the bicentenary of the bridge was celebrated with a symbolic procession over the bridge involving the current Lord Mayor, Críona Ní Dhálaigh, descendants of J.Шаблон:NbspC. Beresford and of John Windsor from England.[8]
References
Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Reflist
External links
- Ha'penny Bridge entry on Dublin City Council's Bridges of Dublin web site
Шаблон:Dublin Liffey Bridges Шаблон:Authority control
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Structurae
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 6,0 6,1 Шаблон:Cite report
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite newsReport by Toby Neal, of bicentenary celebrations, also highlighting the Shropshire origins of the bridge.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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